World War II Flashcards
German Word for “living space”
lebensraum
Book in which Hitler outlined his political philosophy
Mein Kampf
What did the propaganda Armym Navy and Air force talk about?
focused that Germany is weak and could be attacked. There is a need to build up a army
Who was the Vice Chancellor that wanted Hitler to be leader?
Franz Von Papen
Name of Hitler’s secret police?
Gestapo
First set of laws to seperate Jews from Germans
Nuremburg Laws
What country is mostly ran by military?
Japan
Where and why did Japan first invade?
Manchuria, needed the iron and coal
Who withdrew from the League of Nations in 1933?
Japan
Invasion of Nanking is called what?
Rape of Nanking
Who led fascist Italy?
Benito Mussolini
Political party ran by Mussolini?
Fasci di combattimento
Mussolini’s personal army
Black shirts
The political group of Mussolini
Falange
Where does Italy try to imperialize?
Ethiopia
Name of Ethiopian emperor who ask help of League of Nations?
Emperor haile Selassie
Hitler took back what land in 1936?
Rhineland
Was Hitler punished for militarizing and taking back the Rhineland?
No, league of nations said nothing.
Event name in which Hitler kills S.A officials to gain respect of military?
Night Of Long Knives
Members of the Axis Powers?
Italy, Japan and Germany
Alliance between Germany and Italy was called?
Rome-Berlin Axis
Who represented the government in the Tripartite Pact?
Yosuke Matsuoko- Japan; Heinrich Stahmer- Germany; Mario Indelli- Italy
After a failed military coup led by Franco what occurred?
civil war
Who countries supported Franco?
Germany and Italy
What does Hitler and Mussolini want back from Franco, since they helped him get to power?
They want Franco to join them to fight in future war
Name for German air force?
Luftwaffe
Where in Spain did Franco allow Hitler to test his weapons?
Guernica, Basque
What is the German term for when Hitler took over Austria?
Anschluss
Name for German highways?
autobond
What does Hitler do to get more lebensraum?
He invades Austria and Czechoslovakia
What part of Czechoslovakia does Hitler want to be part of Germany?
Sudentenland
The Czechs were not willing to give up their land so what does Mussolini suggested?
The Munich Conference
Who went to the Munich Conference over Czechoslovakia?
Germany, Britain, Italy and France. the Czechs were not invited
What did they agree in the Munich Conference?
Germany would receive the Sudentenland but German aggression would come to an end
What did Hitler do after the Munich Conference?
6 months later he took over all of Czechoslovakia
What country does Hitler go after Czechoslovakia?
Poland
Who does Germany sign a non aggression pact with and why?
Russia, Hitler wants to take part of Poland but doesn’t want the Russians interfering
After Germany invaded Poland who declared war on the Germans?
British and French
German word for lighting war, in which Germans used a quick attack?
blitzkrieg
What is the phony war? and what was Hitler doing during that time?
War was declared but there was no actual fighting, Hitler was building up his army for a surprise attack.
What did Congress pass which didn’t allow the U.S to provide weapons for nations at war?
Neutrality Acts
Who was president during the U.S isolationism area?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt did what to try to help the British and French, without getting into the war?
He revised the Neutrality Acts so that the U.S could sell weapons to the Allies
What did the “lend-lease” policy do?
It continued the flow of military aid to Britain
What metaphor did FDR use to convince people of the Lend-Lease policy?
“If your neighbor’s house i son fire, you don’t sell him your hose–you lend it to him”
Who did Franklin D. Roosevelt meet with in secret?
British Prime Minister, Churchill
Where did FDR and Churchill meet?
of the coast of Newfoundland
What is the Atlantic Charter?
goals set for the war
How long does it take the Germans to defeat French?
1 month
What is the Resistance?
Effort led by French General Charles de Gaulle in London trying to free French from the Germans
Who did Hitler go after the France?
Great Britain
What was Hitler’s attack plan against Britain?
To disable the Royal Air Force, and bomb major cities like London.
Why did the British succeed against the Germans?
development of radar, blackouts
What is operation Barbarossa?
When Hitler attacks the Soviet Union
How long did everyone think it would take to invade all of Russia? How long did it actually take?
2 months, it actually took 2 years
What did Roosevelt do to anger the Japanese?
He ended sales of steel and scrap iron, cut off oil shipments and froze Japanese assests in U.S banks
What is the Co- Prosperity Sphere?
When japan took advantage of European countries fighting in the war and took over their colonies.
What is a Kamikaze pilot?
a pilot who is willing to die for their country, knowing it will bring them honor
What ship is left as memorial site for Pearl Harbor?
U. S. S. Arizona
US declared war on Japan causing who else to be in war?
Germany then declares war on the U.S
What was the Battle of Midway?
It was the first time Japan fails at taking an island, Japan can not replace equipment
After Hitler fails attacking Britain who does he attack next?
Stalingrad, Russia
Did Hitler prevail against Russia?
no
Where do the British defeat the Germans?
El Alamein, Egypt
Dwight Eisenhower leads command in what operation?
Operation Torch
In 1943 what office removed Mussolini
Fascist Grand Council
What did Hitler do for Mussolini?
Hitler rescued Mussolini and made him leader of the German occupied Italy
What happens when the Allies enter Rome?
They continued north and executed Mussolini
What is D-Day?
When American and British forces land on the beaches of Normandy, to take back France
What is Operation Overlord?
Name of invasion into France
Describe the Battle of the Bulge
It was Germany’s attempt to surround the Allies. It failed
What does V-E Day stand for?
Victory Europe Day
Why is the war not over after Germany surrenders?
Japan is still left to defeat
Who fought in the Pacific War?
Allies vs. Japan
What two islands do the US Marines capture from Japan?
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
What was the Manhattan project?
It was a program made with goal of building an atomic bomb
Where was the first successful test of an atomic bomb?
New Mexico desert
U.S bomber Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb in what two places?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Who was in charge of the Manhattan project?
Robert Oppenheimar
What were the Nicknames for the nuclear bombs?
Fatman, and Little Boy
What happened on September 2, 1945?
Japan surrendered on the U.S battleship Missouri
What is Total War?
It is in which opponents try not just to defeat each other’s army on the battlefield but to destroy the other country’s ability to wage war at all.
What is Victory Gardens?
It was to ease pain of rationing people began to grow their own fruits and vegetables in their backyard
What did women do to help men in the war effort?
women filled men’s jobs in many industries
Why was “Tokyo Rose”, Iva Toguri, charged with treason against the U.S?
He radio broadcasted messages that undermined the moral of the U.S soldiers
What new tactic did the military of the U.S. begin to use?
Attacking civilians. Ex. Firebombing of Dresden, atomic bombs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
What does Holocaust stand for?
sacrifice by fire
What was the Nuremberg Military Tribunal?
the trial of 22 Nazi leaders
Who met in the Yalta Conference?
Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin
What organization was created to replace the League of Nations?
United Nations
Who was at the Potsdam Conference?
Harry Truman from the USA, Prime Minister Clement Attlee from Britian (as well as Churchill even though he wasn’t in charge) and Stalin
What did they discuss at the Potsdam Conference?
Germany’s future and the shape of postwar Europe
What general moved into the US embassy to oversee the American occupation in Japan?
General Douglas MacArthur
What was the original name for the Marshall plan?
The European Recovery Program
What was the purpose of the Marshall plan?
to help nations rebuild and also provide for former enemy nations to receive aid from the US
Who proposed the Marshall plan?
the secretary of state, George C. Marshall
What was the outcome of the Marshall plan?
Sixteen nations used the financial aid program and received a total of $13 billion dollars, and political benefits.
What was the purpose of the United Nations?
to keep peace, encourage respect for human rights, creating conditions under which justice and respect for international laws and treaties could be achieved, and promoting social progress and better standards of living throughout the world
What was the Cold War?
40 years of tension between and the USSR (Soviet Union/ Russia) because of the advancement of nuclear weapons.
Who created the Versailles Treaty?
The League of Nations
Germany was forces to surrender which two provinces to Czechoslovakia?
Alsace-Lorraine and Hultschin
What was a demilitarized zone in Germany?
Rhineland
Which country did not join the League of Nations?
U.S.
The burdens of reparations lead Germany to ____ and ____
Discontenment and Political Instability
