Industrial Revolution & Reform Flashcards
Socialism
What was Socialism?
It is a system in which the government own the means of production and operate them for the welfare of all people.
- It was a Economic System.
- Everyone is equal
- works for the greater good
Robert Owen
What did Robert Owen believe in?
He believed that if people lived in a good enviroment, they would cease to act selfishly.
- Workers shouldn’t be dependent on their employers; encouraged workers to form unions.
Capitalism
What is Capitalism?
Money is invested in business ventures with the goal of making a profit.
Economic System
Unions
What were Unions?
Workers went on strikes to recieve better treatment. They were illegal in Britain until 1824. Strikes in other countries were illegal until 1870. Unions tried to form collective bargaining agreements.
Karl Marx
What did Karl Marx think of the capitalistic system?
He thought that the capitalistic system should be changed/changes in history are from economic conditions.
Karl Marx
Which kinds of people had caused struggle?
There’s a struggle between owners of property (Bourgeosie) and those who didn’t (proletariat).
Karl Marx
Why did the Proletariat suffer?
Wealth is from labor, but laborers recieve only a small portion, while owners gained most. The Proletariat suffered from poverty and unemployment.
Communism
Define Communism
It was part of the Political System.
- Everyone is equal
- Elimination of authoritative government
- live for the greater good
Opposite - Dictatorship
Adam Smith
What book did Adam Smith write?
He wrote ‘The Wealth of Nations.’
Adam Smith
What did Adam Smith believe in?
If individuals followed their own interests the world would be an orderly and progressive place.
Adam Smith
What important rules did Adam Smith create?
He created: Supply and Demand, and Law of Competition
- Natural Laws
- Regulates all business
David Ricardo
What book did Ricardo write?
He wrote ‘The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation,’ 1817
David Ricardo
What did Ricardo believe in?
He believed that there would always be a lower class.
David Ricardo
How did population affect wages?
The more population, the lower the wages were for workers
The lower the population, the higher the wages were for workers.
Thomas Malthus
What did Malthus write?
He wrote ‘An Essay on the Principle of Population,’ 1798
Thomas Malthus
How did Malthus view population?
He argued that population tended to increase faster than food supply. Without wars or epidemics to kill off people, we would all be poor and miserable. This was true during the 1840’s.
Factory Acts
What were the Factory Acts?
1st: 1819- (*no enforcement)
- under 9 years old,no hire
- 9-13 years old, 8 hours daily
- 13-18 years old
2nd: 1830- Gave the government the ability to investigate and enforce the previous Act.
10 Hours Act: 1847- women and children could only work 10 hours maximum
Jeremy Bentnam
What did Bentnam introduce?
He introduced the Philosophy of Utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentnam
What book did Bentnam write?
He wrote, ‘An Introduction to the Basic Principles of Morals and Legislation’
Jeremy Bentnam
What did Bentnam believe in?
- Judge people’s ideas, institutions, and actions by their usefulness
- Government should promote the greatest good for the greatest amount of people
- Individuals are free to pursue their own ideas without interference from the state
Engels
Why was Engels sent to England?
He was sent to England to help manage his cotton factory in Manchester.
- He was shocked by the widespread of poverty
- Wrote ‘Condition of the Working Class in England’ (1844) as an account of what he saw
- Wrote ‘The Communist Manifesto’ with Marx, outlining ideas of an ideal society
Charles Fourier & Saint Simon
Who were Charles Fourier & Saint Simon?
They were French Reformers.
Charles Fourier & Saint Simon
Why did Charles Fourier & Saint Simon want to instate Socialism?
Because of the Industrial Revolution, they wanted to instate socialism:
- Factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all
- In human nature, every individual will want to operate for the good of society
- If the government planned out economy, it could eliminate poverty and injustice
