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AP European History > World War I & The Russian Revolution > Flashcards

World War I & The Russian Revolution Flashcards

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0
Q

Causes of World War I

A 
Imperialism
Nationalism 
Militarism 
Alliance System 
Balance of Power
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1
Q

Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78

A

Russia aids Bulgaria and Serbia against Ottoman Empire

  • Germany stays neutral
  • Treaty of Stefano (1878): independence to Serbia, Montenegro, and Bulgaria (Russian-influenced)
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2
Q

the Balkans

A

“Powder keg of Europe”

-had endured years of ethnic and political conflict

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3
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

“Sick man of Europe”

  • Russia wants warm-water port
  • Bosporus and Dardanelles
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4
Q

Triple Alliance

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

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5
Q

The Triple Entente

A

France, England, Russia

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6
Q

The First Moroccan Crisis (1906)

A

Moroccans started fighting for independence, Wilhelm (Deutschland) helps
-Algeciras Conference

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7
Q

The Bosnian Crisis (1908)

A
  • Bosnian people are Slavic

- Austria-Hungary added Bosnia

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8
Q

The Second Moroccan Crisis (1911)

A

The Panther goes to Agadir (German gunboat shows up)

England says there will be “no fighting between European countries without our permission”

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9
Q

The Balkan Wars (1912 and 1913)

A

War breaks out against Ottoman Empire

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10
Q

Balkan League

A

Greece
Serbia
Bulgaria
Montenegro
-does well, kicks Ottomans out of Balkan Peninsula
-started fighting each other over new territory

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11
Q

Militarism

A

Germany increased in defense spending

Germany produced tons more steel

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12
Q

The Assassination of the Archduke

A

June 28, 1914
Traveling into Sarajevo (main town in Bosnia (Slavic people))
-Gavrilo Princip assassinated the Archduke

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13
Q

July 28, 1914

A

Austria declares war on Serbia

-Germany’s “blank check” (support)

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14
Q

July 29th 1914

A

Russia mobilizes

-gets army ready, starts moving them

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15
Q

August 3, 1914

A

Germany mobilizes

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16
Q

August 4, 1914

A

Germany invades Belgium (neutral)

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17
Q

August 4, 1914

A

Britain declares war on Germany

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18
Q

The Schlieffen Plan (1905)

A

Quickly defeat the French, then send troops to defeat Russia

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19
Q

Central Powers

A

Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

20
Q

Treaty of London (1915)

A

Italy joined the Allied Powers (after being neutral)

  • told Italy they’d give them land
  • secret
21
Q

The Battle of the Marne

A

September 1914
The German advance is stopped on the western front
-Schlieffen Plan doesn’t work

22
Q

The Gallipoli Campaign

A

Allies attempt to take the straits

-does not go well, cannot defeat Ottomans

23
Q

New Weapons

A

Bombs, planes, tanks, gas

24
Q

The Somme

A

1916
The British offensive
Over a million casualties in each battle

25
Q

Lusitania

A 
British passenger ship 
Over 1,260 dead
Sunk by German Submarine 
Had been filled with war materials 
Woodrow Wilson was furious 
-"we will stop unrestricted submarine warfare"
26
Q

Irredentism

A

Land that should belong to a country

27
Q

February 1, 1917

A

Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare

-knew it was a risk

28
Q

Zimmerman Note

A

British Intercept the Zimmerman telegram on March 1, 1917

From Germans to Mexicans; Mexicans never get it

29
Q

V.I. Lenin (1870-1924)

A

Exiled to Sweden
Returns via the “sealed train (April 1917)
-Germans helped him return (to stir up trouble)
“peace, land, and bread”
“All power to the Soviets”
-thought was was stupid (workers killing workers)
April Thesis

30
Q

Kornilov’s Rebellion

A

September 1917
Leads a revolt against the provisional government
-wants the tsar back (reactionary)
-gives guns to Bolsheviks

31
Q

Bolshevik Revolution: November 1917

A
  • Lenin now leader

- in Petrograd (St. Petersburg)

32
Q

Bloody Sunday

A

Peaceful march in 1905 led by Father Gapon

-troops started firing at peaceful marchers

33
Q

Revolution of 1905

A

Workers Soviets
The October Manifesto
-The Duma: advisory body; people could elect them
-constitutional democrats (moderate)

34
Q

Prince Lvov

A

Constitutional democrat
-claims Russia was headed toward democracy
(Moderate)

35
Q

Woodrow Wilson declared war…

A

April 6, 1917

-“to make the world safe for democracy”

36
Q

Alexander Kerensky

A

Social Revolutionary

-takes over after Lvov

37
Q

Constituent Assembly (January 1918)

A

Write a communist constitution

38
Q

The Treaty of Brest Litovsk

A

March 1918
Russia surrenders to Germany
Sign a treaty at Brest-Litovsk
-Germany takes 1/3 of Russian territory

39
Q

The Cheka

A

Lenin’s secret police
-fined/arrested people against communism
The Red Army=communist army

40
Q

Civil War, 1918-1922

A

“War Communism”
-process of nationalizing industries
-Lenin wants to control economy (eliminates class struggle)
Reds vs. Whites (communists vs. everyone else)
-U.S. sends troops to help the Whites

41
Q

Comintern

A

Lenin’s attempt to stimulate world-wide revolutions

42
Q

The New Economic Policy (NEP), 1921-27

A

Lenin wants to reestablish capitalism

43
Q

Stalin

A

“Socialism in One Country”
-spread communism one country at a time

Trotsky=Permanent Revolution (world-wide revolution)
Trotsky fled to Mexico after Stalin was in power

44
Q

The Final German Offensive: Spring 1918

A

Second battle of the Marne

-German offensive fails

45
Q

14-Point Speech

A

Woodrow Wilson

  • just stop fighting
  • Germans are interested in speech
  • great impact on last days of the war
46
Q

11/11/11

A

November 11, 1918
-Sign the Armistice
-signed in a railway car at 11 am
(Austria and Germany)

47
Q

The Paris Peace Talks, 1919

A

The “Big Four” : Lloyd George, Orlando (Italy), George Clemenceau (France), and Woodrow Wilson
-what can we do about nationalism, imperialism, balance of power, alliance system
-what started the war
Lenin was NOT invited

AP European History (8 decks)

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