Chapter 12,13 Test Flashcards
Hundred Years’ War
1337-1453, longest war in European history (116 years) between England and France
The Black Death
Cause- in 1347, Genoese sailors carried all kinds of cargo, but also carried rats and vermin, which carried disease pathogens, to
Bubonic plague; boil (bubo) size of a nut or apple on armpit caused agonizing pain; black spots or blotches on skin; cough violently and spit blood
Flagellant
Whipped and scourged themselves as penance for their and society’s sins in the belief that the Black Death was God’s punishment for humanity’s wickedness
Joan of Arc
French peasant girl whose vision and work revived French fortunes and led to victory
During adolescence she began to hear voices, which she later said belonged to St. Michael, St. Catherine, and St. Margaret. In 1428, these voices told her that dauphin, uncrowned King Charles VII, had to be crowned and the English expelled from France
Babylonian Captivity
The 70 years the ancient Hebrews were held captive in Mesopotamian Babylon
Damaged papal prestige
Great Schism
Divided Western Christendom until 1417
Conciliarists
Believed that reform of the church could best be achieved through periodic assemblies, or general councils, representing all the Christian people
-favored a balanced or constitutional form of church government
John Wyclif (1330-1384)
English scholar and theologian who urged the abolition of many church practices
Thought all Christians should read the bible for themselves
Followers were called “Lollards” which means “mumbles of prayers and psalms”
Con fraternities
Voluntary lay groups organized by occupation, devotional preference, neighborhood, or charitable activity
“The Imitation of Christ” by Thomas à Kempis
Book that Gained wide appeal among laypeople
Urges Christians to take Christ as their model, seeking perfection in a simple way of life, & look to the scriptures for guidance in living a spiritual life
Bridget of Sweden (1303-1373)
Noblewoman who journeyed to Rome after her husband’s death
Began to see visions and gave advice based on these visions in Swedish
Saw visions of Mary in Jerusalem who described to her exactly how she was standing when she gave birth to Jesus
Jacquerie
In 1358, when French taxation for the Hundred Years’ War fell heavily on the poor, the French peasantry responded in a massive uprising
-named after Jacques Bonhomme
ciompi
Poor property less workers who revolted in Florence in 1378
Fur-Collar Crime
Nobles used their superiors status to rob and extort from the weak and then corrupt the judicial process
Statue of Kilkenny
States that there were to be no marriages between those of immigrant and native stock
Irish must learn English and bear English names and have English apparel
Vernacular
National languages
