World War I

Question 1

A

Mania

Answer 1

A craze, overexcitement, excessive enthusiasium.

Question 2

A

Causes of WWI

Answer 2

M: militarism
A: alliances
N: nationalism
I: imperialism
A: assassination

Question 3

A

How did it start WWI

Answer 3

M: made people want to fight; created many available soldiers and weapons so people could fight
A: Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Triple Entente: Great Britain, France, Russia
European countries allied with each other; meant that one country got into a fight with each other; drag many countries in
N: made people willing to fight for country or made people willing to fight to create their own country
I: cause European countries to compete with and distrust each other; believed that whoever had the more colonies had more power
A: Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Sarajero in 1914 (next heir or ruler of Austrian-Hungarjan throne)

Question 4

A

Simple layout of how WWI started

Answer 4

i. Germany
ii. Austria-Hungary
iii. Serbia
iv. Russia
v. Britain/France

Question 5

A

What did Germany do to start the war?

Answer 5

Austria-Hungary allied with Germany gave them a blank check (statement say that they will support Austria-Hungary) to go to war.

Question 6

A

What did Austria-Hungary do?

Answer 6

Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.

Question 7

A

Who did Russia allied with?

Answer 7

Russia allied with Serbia and declares war on Austria-Hungary.

Question 8

A

Who did Germany declare war on?

Answer 8

Germany declared war on France and Russia.

Question 9

A

Where did Germany invade to invade France?

Answer 9

Germany invades Belgium (neutral) to invade France.

Question 10

A

Who did Belgium ally to declare war on Germany?

Answer 10

Belgium allied with Great Britain and Britain declares war on Germany.

Question 11

A

Where were the central powers? The Allies?

Answer 11

Central Power: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

Allies: Great Britain (Australia, New Zealand, Canada, India), France, Russia, United States, Italy, Japan, Brazil

Question 12

A

Extra Notes

Answer 12

i. WWI was the world’s first total war.
ii. fighting took place in Europe, war involved most of Europe, United States, Japan.
iii. India and Australia sent troops and supplies for mother country to use.
iv. 8.5 million soldiers killed in war, 37 millions civilians and soldiers died; so much died, Europe lost a generation of young men known as the Lost Generation.

Question 13

B

Western Front (Northern France)

What did Germany develop?

Answer 13

Germanyd eveloped a strategy called the Schliffen Plan: quickly attacking and defeating France first and then heading east and fighting Russia.

i. plan ruined by First Battle of Marne: Germany was defeated and could not conquer France.
ii. Germany had to fight war on two fronts.

Question 14

B

Western Front (Northern France)

What did war on the western front become?

Answer 14

War on the Western Front became a stalemate (point where further progress is blocked, a deadlock) and resulted in trench warfare: soldiers fought each other from trenches (ditches)
i. “no man’s land”: space between enemy trenches

Question 15

B

Western Front (Northern France)

What did the new weapons do?`

Answer 15

New weapons killed more people more effectively.

i. tank: armored combat vehicle
ii. poisonous gas
iii. submarine: shot at ships with torpedoes (underwater missiles)

Question 16

B

Eastern Front (involves Russia and Germany)

Why did Russia lose even though they had many soliders?

Answer 16

Russia had a lot of soldiers but lost because it was not industrialized and was always short on supplies.

Question 17

B

Eastern Front (involves Russia and Germany)

What did Russia’s heavy losses cause?

Answer 17

Russia’s heavy losses caused Czar Nicholas II to give up his power and new leader Lenin signed a truce with Germany called the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1917.

Question 18

B

Gallipoli (coast of Turkey)

Why did allies try to attack the area?

Answer 18

Allies tried to attack the area because it was the entrance to the Ottoman Empire so they could establish a supply line to Russia and defeat one of the central powers.

Question 19

B

Gallipoli (coast of Turkey)

What did the battles turned into? What was the result?

Answer 19

Battles turned into stalemate, resulted many deaths and allies eventually gave up.

Question 20

B

America

When did America join the war?

Answer 20

America joined war on the side of Allies in 1917.

Question 21

B

America

Why did America join the war?`

Answer 21

a. America joined the war because:
i. Germany practiced unrestricted submarine warfare (submarines sink ships without warning)
~sunk Lusitania (British passenger ship that carried weapons) and killed 128 Americans.
ii. America angered by the Zimmerman Telegraph: a note Germany sent to Mexico that the US intercepted, note said that Germany would help Mexico get back the land they use to own if Mexico would join war on Germany’s side.
b. America joining the war was important to Allies because they provided fresh troops and a lot of supplies.

Question 22

B

Home Front

What happened in the Home Front?

Answer 22

a. Governments took control of the economy (told factories what to produce and how much)
i. rationing: government controlled resources that were important to war effort and people could only buy certain small amounts of this item.
b. Government used propaganda [info (words, images, etc) spread to manipulate people’s beliefs and behavior].
c. Women got involved in war effort (worked in factories, took over jobs of men).

Question 23

B

Allies Win the War

What happens when Allies win the war?

Answer 23

Germany ran out of men and supplies after four long years of fighting and surrendered on 11/11/1918.

Question 24

C

The Big Four

What were the Big Four?

Answer 24

The Big Four: major decision makers of the Treaty of Versailles.

Question 25

C

The Big Four

Who was in the Big Four?

Answer 25

UK: Lloyd George
Italy: Orlando
France: Clemencean
US: President Wilson

(*either all presidents or prime ministers)

Question 26

C

Terms of the Treaty

What did President Wilson want to establish?

Answer 26

Wilson wanted to establish a lasting peace but Britain and France wanted to punish Germany for starting the war and wanted to make sure Germany couldn’t start another one.

Question 27

C

Terms of the Treaty

What did “war guilt” clause have to do with the terms of the treaty?

Answer 27

“War Guilt” clause: part of the treaty that stated that Germany was to blame for WWI.
i. made Germans very angry because they did not think it was true.

Question 28

C

Terms of the Treaty

What did reparations have to do with the terms of the treaty?

Answer 28

Reparations: money paid to winner of a war by the loser to compensate for (make up for) damages and injuries.
i. Germany had to pay $33 billion to the Allies.

Question 29

C

Terms of the Treaty

What did loss of territory (land) have to do with the terms of the treaty?

Answer 29

Loss of Territory (land): Germany and Austria-Hungary lost all of its overseas colonies.
i. Italy and Japan did not gain as much territory as they wanted so they were angry and unsatisfied.

Question 30

C

Terms of the Treaty

What did military restrictions have to do with the terms of the treaty?

Answer 30

Military restrictions: limited the size of Germany’s army and where it could go to avoid another war.
i. Germany could not send its army into the Rhineland (buffer between France and Germany).

Question 31

C

Terms of the Treaty

What did the League of Nations have to do with the terms of the Treaty?

Answer 31

League of Nations: international association that countries would use to solve their problems with each other to keep peace among nations.
~ part of Wilson’s Fourteen Points (his plan for peace) but US never joined.
~ weak organization that didn’t stop war.
~ no army or enforcements.

Question 32

C

Creation of New Nations

The Creation of New Nations

Answer 32

i. Austria-Hungary: Austria, Hungary, Czechosiovakia, Yugoslavia
ii. Russia surrenders land to Germany -> independent: Poland, Finland, Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
iii. Ottoman Empire: Turkey, Palestine, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon.

Question 33

C

Legacy of Treaty of Versailles

Answer 33

Legacy of Treaty of Versailles: one of the causes of WWI.

Question 34

Extra Notes

Answer 34

Treaty of Versailles:
GOAL-
A. US: LONG LASTING PEACE – LEAGUE OF NATIONS -> UNSUCCESSFUL
B. BRITAIN/FRANCE: REVENGE ON GERMANY -> LOSS OF TERRITORIES (SUCCESSFUL- GERMANY LOST; JAPAN/ITALY ANGRY), REPARATION: PAYMENT FOR DAMAGES DONE = $33 BILLION- DIDN’T GET MOST OF IT, WAR GUILT CLAUSE - GOVERNMENT AGREED, PEOPLE DID NOT.
C. FRANCE: GERMANY NOT TO INVADE OTHERS- GERMANY OUT OF RHINELAND (NOT SUCCESSFUL BECAUSE NOT ENFORCED -> AFRAID OF MORE WAR [LIMITED SIZE OF ARMY])

Learn for Successful Treaties

a. all allies have an equal say.
b. make League of Nations more enforceable.
c. ask for reasonable amount of money.
d. no revenge.*** (No one stood up for Germany.)
e. have losers present.

Question 35

Q & A’s

Answer 35

Q. Which country gave Austria-Hungary a “blank check to go to war?
A. Germany

Q. Name a neutral country.
A. Switzerland, Spain.