World Level 1-2 together Flashcards
What is the total area planted to vine in the USA?
Around 430,000 ha. California accounts for over 80 per cent of the wine produced, followed by New York and Washington at around 5 per cent each and Oregon at approximately 1.4 per cent.
Name three largest wine companies in the US?
E. J Gallo (70m cases), The Wine Group (53m cases) and Constellation Brands (50m cases). Ten largest wine companies in the US represent more than 90 per cent of US wine sold domestically by volume.
What is the total area planted to vine in California?
250,000 ha, comfortably the worlds 4th largest producer after Italy, France and Spain. Around two thirds of grapes grown in California are used for wine, one third are used as table grapes and raisins. The majority of grapes used for wine are black (63 per cent).
Name the most important AVA in Mendocino County?
Anderson Valley AVA
What are the most important varieties in Anderson Valley AVA?
Early-ripening Pinot Noir and Chardonnay (both sparkling and still wines), also aromatic Alsace-style white wines from Gewurztraminer, Riesling, Pinot Gris and Pinot Blanc.
Name three large overarching AVAs with Sonoma name in it?
Northern Sonoma AVA, Sonoma Coast AVA, and Sonoma Valley AVA. They allow producers to use the term estate bottled when their vineyards and winery are spread far apart, whilst still permitting the word Sonoma to appear on the label (rather than North Coast).
Napa Valley AVA and Sonoma Valley AVA are both located within what AVA?
North Coast AVA.
Name three best known valleys in Sonoma?
Russian River Valley, Alexander Valley, and Dry Creek Valley.
Name northern Sonoma AVAs which are located to the north and east of Healdsburg, and experience warmer Region III climates?
Alexander Valley, Dry Creek Valley, Rockpile, and Knights Valley,
Name one grape for what is Alexander Valley in Sonoma famous?
Cabarnet Sauvignon
Name most important red and white variety in Dry Creek Valley AVA in Sonoma?
Zinfandel and Sauvignon Blanc.
Name most important red and white variety in Russian River Valley AVA in Sonoma?
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
What are the most important varieties in Carneros AVA in Sonoma?
Carneros is best known for Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, with a portion used for sparkling wine.
Name two Sonoma AVAs which are known for Zinfandel?
Dry Creek Valley and the small Rockpile AVA are known for ripe, powerful styles of Zinfandel, aged in either American or French oak.
Name eight Napa Valley Floor AVAs?
Calistoga, St. Helena, Rutherford, Oakville, Yountville, Stags Leap District, Oak Knoll, Coombsville.
Name five Napa Valley Mountain AVAs?
Diamond Mountain District, Spring Mountain District, Howell Mountain, Mount Veeder, Atlas Peak.
How important is Napa Valley for California wine industry?
It represents 4 per cent of California production but 50 per cent of the retail value of all California wine sold. 18,200 ha under vine.
What are the most planted red varieties in Napa Valley?
Cabernet Sauvignon with smaller plantings of Merlot, Pinot Noir, Zinfandel, Petit Verdot, Malbec, Cabernet Franc, Syrah, and Petite Sirah.
What are the most planted white varieties in Napa Valley?
Chardonnay is the most planted white grape, followed by Sauvignon Blanc, and Pinot Gris.
Where is located Central Coast AVA?
It parallels the Pacific Ocean coastline and runs for 280 miles from San Francisco to Santa Barbara. It extends about 60 miles inland from the coast and is cooled by marine air funnelling through gaps in the coastal hills.
Name three varieties that Central Coast as a whole is most famous for?
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Syrah
Name regions in Central Coast from north to south?
San Francisco Bay area, San Benito, Monterey, Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara
Name three most important AVAs in Monterey County?
Arroyo Seco, Chalone, Carmel Valley, and Santa Lucia Highlands
ToKalon and Marthas vineyards are found in what AVA?
Oakville AVA
What are two main AVAs in Santa Barbara County?
Santa Maria Valley and Santa Ynez Valley
What are the most planted red varieties in Oregon?
Pinot Noir is by far the most planted making up 58 per cent of plantings. Other common varieties include Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot.
What are the most planted white varieties in Oregon?
Pinot Gris is the second most planted variety in Oregon, but plantings are decreasing in favour of Chardonnay. There is also some Riesling.
First Oregon Pinot Noir to come to fame?
1979 blind tasting, The Eyrie Vineyards.
What is the largest AVA in Oregon?
The Willamette Valley AVA with 9,600 ha are under vine, or 69 per cent of all the states vineyards.
What are the most important varieties in Willamette Valley AVA (and all of the sub-AVAs)?
Pinot Noir is the dominant grape variety (generally making up between 60-80 per cent of the plantings), with Pinot Gris and Chardonnay also usually planted.
What state is the second-largest producer of premium wines in the US?
Washington State
What is the name of Mountains in Washington State that block the wet Pacific weather and create dry warm conditions?
The Cascade Mountains, majority of Washington vineyards and wineries are located to the east of the Cascade Mountains
What are the top five grape varieties in Washington State?
Cabernet Sauvignon (26%), Merlot (18%), Chardonnay (17%), Riesling (17%) and Syrah (8%).
What is the largest AVA in Washington?
Columbia Valley, covers approximately one third of Washington State and within its boundaries are 99 per cent of Washington vineyard plantings. It encompasses several smaller AVAs.
What are the most important varieties in Columbia Valley AVA?
Cabernet Sauvignon is the most planted grape variety, followed by Merlot, Chardonnay, Riesling and Syrah.
Who is dubbed the father of California wine?
Count Agoston Haraszthy arrived in Sonoma in 1849, where he founded Buena Vista, one of California oldest commercial wineries.
Harlan and Screaming Eagle are found in what AVA?
Oakville AVA
Where is located Dominus Estate?
Yountville within the Napa Valley AVA.
Where is located Harlan Estate?
Oakville. Harlan found this winery with the intent to identify and produce wine from grand crus of Napa Valley.
Name most famous California cult winery known for its Rhone style blends?
Sine Qua Non (also known as SQN), located in Ventura County, within the Central Coast AVA. ). Sine qua non is from the Late Latin, literally without which not.
Where is located Jordan Winery?
Alexander Valley in Sonoma County, where the Jordan family has been dedicated to world-class Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay.
Which Cabernet Sauvignon beat the competition in a blind tasting in Paris in 1976?
Stags Leap Wine Cellars, do not confuse it with Stags Leap Winery - the original Stags Leap - established 1893, which is part of the Beringer Blass group of estates. They are two very different beasts.
For what style of wine is Canada famous on international stage?
Icewine, Canada is now the world largest producer.
What are the most planted v. vinifera varieties in Ontario?
Riesling and Chardonnay for whites, Cabernet Franc for reds. The most planted variety is hybrid Vidal, 90% of Canadian production of Icewine is coming from Ontario.
What is the total vineyard area in the Chile?
Total vineyard area in the country is around 136,000 hectares with the red/white varieties split at 73% to 27%
What are the most planted varieties in Chile?
Cabernet Sauvignon dominates Chiles vineyards, accounting for almost one-third of all varieties grown. Sauvignon Blanc is a distant second, followed closely by Merlot, Chardonnay and Carmenere
What all of this wines have in common: Don Melchor, Almaviva, Vinedo Chadwick?
They are some of the best varietal Cabernet and Bordeaux-style blends produced in Chile, all coming from Puente Alto.
Which winery possesses South Americas largest vineyard holdings?
Concha y Toro with over 9,000 ha of vines spread throughout Chile and Argentina.
What is Movimiento de Vinateros Independientes (MOVI)?
Association of small quality-oriented Chilean wineries.
What is the name of the dessert in north Chile?
Atacama Desert. Driest in the world.
What are the names of two mountain ranges that run in parallel along the length of the Chile?
Andes and the Cordilleras de la Costa, or Coastal Range.
What are the best regions for cooler-climate style of Syrah in Chile?
San Antonio, Casablanca, Limari and Elqui. They produce Syrah with higher acidity, fresh black fruit and notes of pepper and clove.
What are the best regions for warmer-climate style of Syrah in Chile?
Colchagua Valley producing fuller-bodied Syrah with more intense, riper black fruit flavours.
What are the best regions for Pinot Noir in Chile?
Casablanca and San Antonio. The best wines show red fruits with herbal characters and moderate to high alcohol levels.
What are the best regions for Sauvignon Blanc in Chile?
Cooler areas such as Limari, Casablanca and San Antonio, where it can produce very good quality wines with high acidity and flavours that range from citrus to tropical sometimes with a hint of wet stones or a herbaceous character.
What are the best region for Chardonnay in Chile?
Cool coastal areas, particularly, Limari. The wines tend to show medium (+) to high acidity with citrus and stone fruit flavours.
Aconcagua Valley in Chile has built a reputation for what kind of wines?
Ripe, full-bodied red wines with high levels of alcohol and tannins, particularly from Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot.
Where is located Puente Alto?
Valle del Maipo in Chile, famous for Bordeaux blends which are more closely aligned with Napa than Bordeaux.
What is the name of the single official zone within Valle de San Antonio and for which variety is famous?
Valle de Leyda DO, about 50% of plantings are Sauvignon Blanc which produce aromatic, thiol-laden wines. Many compare the regions style to Marlborough, if slightly more subdued.
Name only major winemaking-country to remain totally phylloxera-free?
Chile, due to its geographic isolation, Andes.
Name most planted grape in Argentina?
Malbec, then Cereza
Majority of Chilean Savignon Blanc is actually what grape variety?
Sauvignon Vert (Friulano)
How big is the Chile as exporter of wine in the world?
Chile is the fourth largest exporter of wine in the world. Around 70 per cent of Chile production is exported
Name two Argentina DOC regions?
San Rafael and Lujan de Cuyo.
What is total area planted to wine grapes in Argentina?
217,751 hectares (ha) by July 2011
The best Pinot Noirs in Argentina are produced in?
The Rio Negro valley in northern Patagonia, this is coolest region in Argentina.
What Argentinian region is specialized in production of Torrontes?
Salta especially Calchaquies Valley.
Which province is the biggest producer in Argentina?
Mendoza IG with 157204 ha (2012) planted. Approximately three-quarters of the countrys entire wine production.
Name five Subregions of Mendoza IG?
Valle de Uco IG; Northern Mendoza; Eastern Mendoza; Central Mendoza; Southern Mendoza.
What is the best micro-region located within Lujan de Cuyo?
Agrelo, exceptional Malbec and Cabernet Sauvignon,
The highest vineyards in Mendoza are where?
Uco Valley. Cooler temperatures and a wider diurnal range means grapes accumulate sugar less quickly and retain acidity and fresh fruit flavours, whilst the intensity of the sunshine gives grapes with deep colour and ripe tannins.
What is the most important variety in Cafayate in Argentina?
Torrontes, at 1,700 metres above sea level, it is producing aromatic, usually un-oaked wines.
What are the most important varieties in Rio Negro Province?
Pinot Noir, Malbec, Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc and Riesling.
What are the most important varieties in Patagonia Region?
High-quality wines, particularly from Pinot Noir, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Semillon, Chardonnay and even Germanic white varieties such as Riesling. Production is focussed mainly in the province of Rio Negro
What is the best subregion of La Rioja Argentina IG?
Famatina Valley. The focus is mainly on high-volume, inexpensive wines made from Torrontes, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec and Syrah.
Pinotage is a cross between what two varieties?
Cinsaut and Pinot Noir
What is the name for Chenin Blanc in South Africa?
Steen
How much land is used for wine production in South Africa?
Just over 100 000 hectares, planted to 56% white varieties and 44% red.
What are the most planted red varieties in South Africa?
Cabarnet Sauvignon (11%), Shiraz (10%), Pinotage (7.2%), Merlot (5.8%)
What are the most planted white varieties in South Africa?
Chenin Blanc (18.6%), Sauvignon Blanc (10.5%) and Chardonnay (7.3%)
What is Ward in terms of official Wine of Origin scheme in South Africa?
Defined area within a district. It is based on common soils, climate and ecological factors.
What is Vin de Constance?
Dried Muscat dessert wine produced by Klein Constantia. District Cape Town
What Region region produces the most wine in South Africa?
Breede River Valley Region, generally warm and dry.
Name three states that produced almost 95% of all Australian wine?
South Australia, New South Wales, and Victoria
Name top five varieties in Australia in order of planting?
Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot, and Semillon.
What was the first truly premium region which released its wines under screwcap anywhere in the world?
Clare Valley
What is the largest wine-producing state by volume in Australia?
South Australia, producing nearly 50 per cent of the national crush
Name two regions Barossa zone?
Barossa Valley GI and Eden Valley GI.
What is the name of Australia largest fine wine region?
Barossa Valley GI .
What is Noble One?
Produced by De Bortoli; - Noble One Botrytis Semillon; is the star. First released in the 1982 vintage; the lusciously sweet Noble One quickly rose to the pinnacle of Australian dessert wines; and has garnered an outpouring of international critical praise.
Which region produce Australia hottest and heaviest styles of Shiraz?
Barossa Valley
What is the most planted variety in Eden Valley?
Riesling, making up over one third of plantings
What are most important white varieties in Hunter Valley?
The region is famous for its unique expression of Semillon but Chardonnay is also widely produced.
How much oak treatment gets Hunter Valley Semillon?
Classic Hunter Semillon never sees oak.
How many ha of vine are planted in Australia for wine production?
146,000 ha. Peak was in 2007 with 170, 000
Where in Australia is produced the best Chardonnay?
Yarra Valley; alongside Margaret River in Western Australia; provides one of the top examples of Chardonnay in Australia.
Where in Australia is produced the best Cabernet Sauvignon?
Coonawarra (distinctive mint or eucalyptus aromas) and Margaret River (where is often blended with Merlot and the style is slightly riper with more subtle herbal notes).
Where in Australia is produced the best Pinot Noir?
Pinot Noir is widely grown in cool and moderate regions such as Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula and Tasmania.
Name wine regions from north to south found on North Island?
Greater Auckland; Gisborne; Hawke’s Bay; Wairarapa.
Name wine regions from north to south found on South Island?
Nelson; Marlborough; Canterbury; Waitaki Valley; Central Otago.
Second largest region in New Zealand is?
Hawkes Bay
What kind of wine is produced in Wairarapa?
Intensely flavoured, though elegant, styles of Pinot Noir, and perfumed, but not overtly herbaceous Sauvignon Blanc.
Marlborough region consists of two parallel valleys, name them?
Wairau (the largest) and Awatere
What are Marlborough most important varieties?
Sauvignon Blanc (78%); Pinot Noir (11%). The rest is Chardonnay; Pinot Gris and Riesling.
How many ha of vine is planted in Marlborough?
23.964 ha;
Most important Central Otago varieties?
Pinot Noir (70%), Pinot Gris and Riesling
How many ha is planted with vine in Central Otago?
1909 ha. Pinot Noir: 1,356 ha.
How many ha of vines are planted in New Zealand?
38.000 ha; reds 7.863 ha (Pinot Noir 70%); white 27.318 ha (Sauvignon Blanc 73%).
What are the most important varieties in Knights Valley AVA?
One of the warmest areas of Sonoma County producing ripe, full-bodied Cabernet Sauvignon, the most planted grape variety in the AVA. Merlot, Syrah, Zinfandel and some Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc are also grown.
What are the most important varieties in Rockpile AVA?
Grape varieties include Zinfandel, Petite Sirah, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, Petit Verdot, and even Douro varieties.
What are the most important varieties in Sonoma Coast AVA?
Cool growing conditions, close to the coast, early-ripening Pinot Noir and Chardonnay dominate, producing relatively light-bodied, high acid styles of wine with medium alcohol.
Where is Geyserville located?
Alexander Valley AVA, famous for Zinfandels.
What influence have Mayacamas Mountains on Napa Valley?
The Mayacamas Mountains shelter the Napa valley from the cold Pacific Ocean.
What influence have Vaca Mountains on Napa Valley?
The Vaca Mountains protect Napa Valley from the hot Central Valley.
What is characteristics for Napa Valley AVAs located in the mountains?
Vineyards in the mountains are generally above the fog layer and hence can receive longer hours of sunlight than many of those on the valley floor. Cooling influence for these vineyards is altitude. Lower diurnal range and wines often have higher levels of tannins and acidity than those from the valley floor.
What is the coolest mountain Napa Valley AVA?
Mount Veeder AVA. Cabernet Sauvignon struggling to ripen in some years.
What is the warmest mountain Napa Valley AVA?
Howell Mountain AVA it is one of the warmest Napa AVAs, producing intensely concentrated, ripe Cabernet Sauvignon with high firm tannins.
What are the most important varieties in Livermore Valley AVA?
Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc and Zinfandel. Wines tend to have concentrated, ripe flavours and tannins, but with fresh acidity. This AVA is one of California oldest wine regions, Wente Vineyards.
What is the most important variety in San Benito?
Pinot Noir
What are the most important varieties in Monterey AVA?
In cool areas Pinot Noir and Riesling; warmer sites further inland are able to ripen Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah and Zinfandel. Chardonnay is grown in both cooler and warmer sites and is the main grape variety with over 50 per cent of plantings.
What are the most important varieties in Arroyo Seco AVA?
The vineyards within the canyon are more sheltered from coastal influences and are therefore warmer, growing Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Zinfandel. Those on the valley floor are exposed to afternoon breezes and are better suited to Chardonnay and Riesling.
What are the most important varieties in Paso Robles AVA?
There is no penetration by coastal winds or marine fog, making Paso Robles red-wine country, particularly for Zinfandel and Rhone varieties. The most planted grape variety is Cabernet Sauvignon, making up almost 40 per cent of plantings.
Santa Maria Valley AVA is best known for what type of wines?
This is top quality Pinot Noir country; also top-quality Chardonnay and even one of California best Syrahs. Some nice Viognier.
The best Pinot Noir vineyard in the Santa Ynez Valley is?
Sanford and Benedict vineyard
The best Pinot Noir vineyard in the Santa Maria Valley is?
Bien Nacido vineyard
What is the most well-known AVA in Willamette Valley?
The Dundee Hills AVA, state first PN were planted here, vineyards are at higher altitudes than the rest of Valley, helping to retain acidity. Warmer temperature because it is buffered by mountains, sheltering it from cold wet conditions, and enabling full fruit ripeness.
Name three AVAs that are shared between Oregon and Washington State?
Columbia Valley AVA, Columbia Gorge AVA, and Walla Walla Valley AVA.
What is the annual rainfall in Columbia Valley AVA?
The shelter provided by the Cascade Range creates an arid desert-like area which receives around 150-250 mm of rainfall per annum.
What is Washington oldest appellation?
The Yakima Valley AVA, it is also the largest sub-appellation in the Columbia Valley AVA, and, with over 7,600 ha under vine, it supplies one-third of the state production.
What are the most important varieties in Yakima Valley AVA?
The most planted variety is Chardonnay, followed by Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, and Riesling.
What is the best sub-AVA of Yakima Valley AVA?
Red Mountain AVA. Cimate is amongst the warmest in Washington.
What are the most important varieties in Red Mountain AVA?
Black varieties dominate, particularly Cabernet Sauvignon, and produce ripe, full-bodied wines, often with high levels of alcohol. However, a large diurnal range helps to retain acidity.
What are the most important varieties in Horse Heaven Hills AVA?
Black grapes, especially Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah, comprise about 66 per cent of vines planted. Chardonnay and Riesling are the most planted white grapes.
What are the most important varieties in Walla Walla Valley AVA?
The most planted are Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Cabernet Franc and Malbec, as well as Chardonnay, Viognier and Semillon. There is also a range of Italian, Spanish, and Rhone varieties.
Name the only AVA west of the Cascade Mountain range in Washington?
Puget Sound AVA. The climate is warm and dry in the summer, with mild, relatively wet winters, receiving up to 1,500 mm of rain per year.
What are the most important varieties in Puget Sound AVA?
Pinot Noir and Riesling, lot of hybrid varieties.
Name two most important wine regions in Canada?
Ontario (largest) and British Columbia,
Name first sub-appellation within Napa Valley to receive its own AVA?
The high-altitude, west-facing vineyards of Howell Mountain AVA, it produce benchmark mountain wines from Cabernet Sauvignon prized for its density, dark fruit and concentration, and its ability to retain a good acid structure through intense ripeness.
In which part of Sonoma Champagne house of Taittinger established its winery?
The Champagne house of Taittinger and the Cava producer Codorniu both set up American sparkling wine estates in Carneros in the 1980s, following the pioneering example of Gloria Ferrer.
In which part of California Champagne house of Louis Roederer established its winery?
Anderson Valley in Mendocino.
What is Col Solare?
Col Solare is the partnership between Marchesi Antinori and Chateau Ste. Michelle located at Red Mountain, one of the Columbia Valley’s most celebrated sub-appellations known for its Cabernet Sauvignon.
Napanook Vineyards is called today?
Dominus Estate. Napanook is today name of the second wine, in the true manner of Bordeaux.
What are the most important producing areas in New York State?
Finger Lakes AVA, Hudson River Region AVA as well as Long Island.
What are the most important white v. vinifera varieties in Finger Lakes AVA?
Riesling is the most planted and most reputed, produced at different levels of sweetness from dry to sweet, though the majority are dry to medium-dry. Chardonnay is also widely planted and used in still and sparkling wines. Vidal is used in ice wine production.
What are the most important red v. vinifera varieties in Finger Lakes AVA?
Cabernet Franc
What geographical features influence climate in Chile?
With an average width of just 177km (the country is 4,300km in length), Chile climate is heavily affected by The Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The country is framed by desert to the north and Antarctica to the south
Name six Wine Regions of Chile?
Atacama DO; Coquimbo DO; Aconcagua DO; Valle Central DO; Sur DO; Austral DO.
Name three new divisions for existing DOs in Chile based on proximity to the mountains or the ocean?
Costa; Entre Cordilleras; and Andes.
What is mean to say that Sauvignon Blanc is excessively methoxypyrazine driven?
Methoxypyrazine - displaying too much of the compound responsible for the variety grassy or herbaceous character
Name five wine regions of South Africa?
Breede River Valley, Cape South Coast, Coastal Region, Klein Karoo and Olifants River.
Name eight wine districts found in Coastal Region of South Africa?
Cape Town, Darling, Paarl, Stellenbosch, Swartland, Tulbagh, Franschhoek Valley, and Wellington.
Name two wine districts found in Cape South Coast Region of South Africa?
Walker Bay and Elgin
What are the most important varieties in Walker Bay Disctict?
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
What are the most important varieties in Elgin Disctict?
Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Noir, Merlot and Shiraz do well here with a fresher, more fragrant style compared to further inland.
Name four best-known zones in South Australia Zone?
Barossa, Mount Lofty Ranges, Fleurieu and the Limestone Coast
What is Barossa Valley GI total hectares under vine?
10.350 ha
What are Barossa Valley GI Major Grapes?
Red Grapes (85%): Shiraz (over 60%); Cabernet Sauvignon; Grenache; White Grapes (10%): Chardonnay; Semillon.
What are most important varieties in Eden Valley?
Eden Valley produces almost equal amounts of white and red wine. Riesling is the most planted variety, making up over one third of plantings. The most planted black variety is Shiraz.
Leeuwin Art Series Chardonnay is produced in what Region?
Margaret River.
What wine is often referred to as Poor Man Grange or Baby Grange?
Bin 389 Cabernet Shiraz, multi-district blend, South Australia, components of the wine are matured in the same barrels that held the previous vintage of Grange. First vintage 1960.
What are most important red varieties in McLaren Vale?
Over 90 per cent of plantings are now black grape varieties. Shiraz is the most planted, with over half of total plantings, followed by Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache (especially old vines).
What is the most important white variety in Clare Valley?
Clare Valley is also well-known for its Riesling, which makes up most of the white plantings, and over 25 per cent of total plantings. Acidity levels tend to be higher than in Eden Valley with pronounced lime aromas.
Name the best region located in Limestone Coast Zone?
Coonawarra (5,000 ha)
What are most important red varieties in Coonawarra?
Cabernet Sauvignon (over half of all plantings, some of best in Australia), Shiraz (usually lighter-bodied than Barossa)
What is difference between Grange and Penfolds RWT?
Grange is multi-regional sourcing, aged in American oak, small % of CS; while RWT is single-region Barossa Valley Shiraz matured only in French oak. RWT first vintage is 1997.
Who is producing Hill of Grace Shiraz?
Henschke, Eden Valley
When was Grange introduced?
Vintage 1951 as Grange Hermitage. Winemaker Schubert.
What are most important red varieties in Yarra Valley, Victoria?
Black varieties make up two-thirds of all plantings, with Pinot Noir accounting for over half of those and produced in light to medium-bodied in style. Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon are grown successfully in the lower, warmer parts of the region but they are on the lighter spectrum for Aussie standards.
Name two most important regions in South West Australia Zone?
Margaret River and Great Southern
Name five Great Southern GI subregions?
Denmark GI; Albany GI; Porongurup GI; Frankland River GI; Mount Barker GI.
What are the most important Frankland River GI varieties?
The typical Frankland River vineyard is planted with Riesling; Chardonnay; Pinot Noir; Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz. Riesling is unquestionably the area specialty; with its crisp; fresh style standing out from the more diesel kerosene notes found in the warmer regions further north.
What are most important red varieties in Margaret River?
Cabernet Sauvignon is the most planted black variety, often blended with Merlot to produce wines with medium (+) acidity, medium (+) to full body, high ripe tannins and flavours of blackberry, blackcurrant and spice. Many of the wines are in a Bordeaux style, matured in French oak, some or all of which will be new.
What are most important white varieties in Margaret River?
Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon (usually blended together) are the most planted but premium wines are produced from Chardonnay and (high in acidity, with medium (+) to full body and concentrated stone fruit aromas).
What are the most important red varieties in Great Southern?
Black varieties make up 59 per cent of plantings and Shiraz makes up over 30 per cent of the total. Other important is Cabernet Sauvignon.
What are the most important white varieties in Great Southern?
Riesling is the flagship white variety, although significantly less planted than Sauvignon Blanc or Chardonnay.
What are two most planted varieties in Tasmania?
Pinot Noir (almost half of the total) and Chardonnay (around a quarter). These are widely used to make sparkling wine, but they are also commonly used for still wines.
Cloudy Bay Vineyards was launched in what year?
1985
The southernmost wine region in the world is?
Central Otago, lies on the 45th parallel.
What are the most important varieties planted in Gisborne?
Chardonnay (more than 50%) and Pinot Gris.
What are the most important red varieties in Hawkes Bay?
Merlot (dominant variety), Syrah (75% of N.Z. plantings), Malbec (getting popular in recent years). Hawkes Bay is New Zealand largest producer of red wines.
What are the most important white varieties in Hawke Bay?
Chardonnay (most planted, range of styles), Sauvignon Blanc, and to a lesser extent, Pinot Gris.
Name some significant aspects of New Zealand climate?
High UV radiation, long hours of sunlight and a large diurnal range.
What impact high UV radiation levels found in New Zealand have on their wines?
They can enhance the development of colours and tannins which are desirable in black grape varieties. 40 per cent higher than places of similar latitude in the Northern Hemisphere, due to very low levels of air pollution or hole in the ozone layer.
What effect have large diurnal range on the grapes?
Large diurnal range helps preserve acidity in the grapes.
What is the most intensively planted sub-region in Central Otago?
Bannockburn. It is also one of the warmest and driest parts of Central Otago and produces ripe, concentrated styles of wine.
Name two aromas that are typical of Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc?
Passionfruit and green bell pepper aromas
