Italy-France Level 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What is mean Amabile regarding Italian wines?
A
Sweet but less sweet than dolce
2
Q
What is mean Abboccato regarding Italian wines?
A
Slightly sweet or off dry style
3
Q
What is mean Secco regarding Italian wines?
A
Dry
4
Q
Name five the bigest wine companies in Italy?
A
Caviro (a giant cooperative operating in seven regions and processing more than 10 per cent of all Italian wine grapes), Cantine Riunite, Gruppo Italiano Vini, Santa Margherita and Zonin.
5
Q
What is mean Imbottigliato all origine regarding Italian wines?
A
Estate-bottled
6
Q
What is the most common black variety in Trentino?
A
Teroldego. Despite being the most grown black variety in the province, Teroldego cannot be bottled as Trentino DOC but as Vini delle Dolomiti IGT.
7
Q
What are two most important varieties in Trentino?
A
Pinot Grigio and Chardonnay, together they represent about half of the hectares planted in Trentino. Overall, approximately 75 per cent of the vineyard area is planted with white grapes and 25 per cent with black.
8
Q
What is Trentodoc?
A
Trentodoc is the trademarked name for bottle-fermented sparkling wine made from the classic Champagne varieties (especially Chardonnay and Pinot Noir) grown in the Trentino region of northern Italy under the DOC Trento.
9
Q
What kind of grape variety is Friulano?
A
Formery known as Tocai Friulano, in other regions known as Sauvignon Vert or Sauvignonasse. Producing wines that have medium (-) floral and apple flavours, medium to high alcohol with medium (+) acidity.
10
Q
What kind of grape variety is Refosco?
A
Red variety with small berries that produce wines with high tannins with flavours of red cherries and herbal aromas. Most planted of the local red varieties in Friuli.
11
Q
Name two regions that are centre for the production of orange wines?
A
Small Oslavia sub-region of Collio and neighbouring Brda in Slovenia
12
Q
What is the aim of Appassimento method?
A
Concentrating flavours, raising alcohol levels and making sweet (and today, dry) wines. Chemical changes will occur in the drying grapes, more glycerol is produced, giving a softer, fuller mouth-feel.
13
Q
What variety is known as Trebbiano di Soave?
A
It is a synonym for Verdicchio in Veneto region. Another synonym is Turbiana
14
Q
What is Recioto di Soave DOCG?
A
Same blend as Soave but from delimited hilly zone produced from semi-dried grapes, with low yields, producing rich, floral, honeyed, sweet wines with high balancing acidity.
15
Q
Name two appellations in Veneto where term Superiore is used as a separate DOCG?
A
Soave and Bardolino, an attempt to reposition the wine in terms of its commercial status
16
Q
How is called rose in Bardolino DOC?
A
Chiaretto, it is a light, fresh, red-fruited wine with a medium salmon colour.
17
Q
What kind of wine is Bianco di Custoza DOC?
A
Easy-drinking, lightly aromatic, fresh white wines made from a blend of mainly Trebbiano Toscano, Garganega, Friulano and optionally Cortese. Veneto region.
18
Q
Name neighbouring DOC that produce similar wines as Soave?
A
Gambellara DOC, also from Garganega (min 80 per cent). Recioto di Gambellara DOCG produce sweet still and sparkling from 100 per cent dried Garganega.
19
Q
Name some Barolo DOCG traditionalist producers?
A
Giacomo Conterno; Bartolo Mascarello; Giuseppe Rinaldi.
20
Q
Name some Barolo DOCG modernist producers?
A
Paolo Scavino; Luciano Sandrone; Elio Altare. They embraced barriques; shorter macerations; and a rounder style of wine.
21
Q
Name two regional denominations which produce wines from Nebbiolo for early drinking?
A
Langhe Nebbiolo DOC or Nebbiolo d Alba DOC. These wines are typically made from young vines or less favoured sites.
22
Q
What is a Non-vintage style of Franciacorta DOCG?
A
Typically a Chardonnay/Pinot Noir blend that may also have up to 50 per cent Pinot Blanco; minimum of 18 months on lees; as stated, in reality these wines are often made from the fruit of a single vintage
23
Q
What is a Saten style of Franciacorta DOCG?
A
White grapes only (in practice mostly 100 per cent Chardonnay), minimum of 24 months on the lees and slightly less sugar at tirage, resulting in a pressure of not more than five atmospheres; may only be made in a Brut style
24
Q
What is a Rose style of Franciacorta DOCG?
A
Must be a minimum of 35 per cent Pinot Noir; the colour typically derives from skin contact with the Pinot Noir portion of the grapes until the desired level of colour is attained , though blending with red wine is permitted; minimum of 24 months on the lees is required
25
What is a Millesimato style of Franciacorta DOCG?
Wines with the vintage declared, minimum of 85 per cent of fruit from that year and a minimum of 30 months on the lees
26
What is a Riserva style of Franciacorta DOCG?
Millesimato wines that have spent a minimum of 60 months on the lees.
27
What is Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?
The grapes must come from a single vineyard or an estate owned by the producer and be aged for a minimum of 30 months (no requirement to age in wood).
28
What is Governo?
Traditional practice in Chianti, refermentation with the juice of dried grapes to strengthen the wine and initiate MLF.
29
What are requirements for Chianti Superiore?
Lower vineyard yields and additional half-degree of alcohol.
30
What producer is credited with creation of Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?
Biondi Santi Tenuta Greppo
31
Name DOC that Montalcino producers can use for production of Super-Tuscan wines?
Sant Antimo DOC. Both white and red are allowed.
32
What kind of wine is Morellino de Scansano DOCG?
Close to the coast of southern Tuscany, this appellation requires 85 per cent Sangiovese producing wines which have ripe fruit, some black fruit notes alongside sour cherry, medium to medium (+) acidity and ripe medium (+) tannins.
33
What grape varieties are allowed in Bolgheri Rosso Superiore?
Same options for varieties but more restricted yields than Bolgheri DOC. Rosso must be aged for one year, Rosso Superiore for two years following January 1 of the year after the harvest.
34
What kind of wine is Vin Santo?
Amber coloured sweet wine made by the appassimento method most often using a blend of Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia). It is a style of wine prevalent throughout Tuscany and permitted within many denominations.
35
How is called rosato wine in Abruzzo?
Cerasuolo
36
What grape varieties are used for Montepulciano d Abruzzo Colline Teramane DOCG?
Minimum 90% Montepulciano; Maximum 10% Sangiovese
37
What is Trebbiano d Abruzzo?
Crisp white with high acidity, typically unoaked
38
What is Cerasuolo d Abruzzo?
Medium to medium (+) bodied rose, made from the Montepulciano variety
39
What is Lambrusco?
Lambrusco is the name of the mainly red and tank-fermented, sparkling (spumante) or semi-sparkling (frizzante) wines made from the family of Lambrusco varieties mainly in Emilia-Romagna.
40
How you call late harvested grapes in Italian?
Vendemmia tardiva
41
What is Marsala?
Fortified wine, range from dry to lusciously sweet
42
What varieties are used for Marsala?
Traditional Grillo and Inzolia and the modern, mass-planted Catarratto
43
What is Sardinian name for Grenache Noir?
Cannonau
44
What is the synonym for Vermentino in the southern France?
Rolle
45
All the top estates of the Left Bank are planted on what type of soil?
Gravel mounds known as croupes.
46
What Merlot contributes to the Bordeaux blend?
It contributes medium to pronounced intensity fruit (strawberry and red plum with herbaceous flavours in cooler years; cooked blackberry, black plum in hot years), medium tannins and medium to high alcohol.
47
What Cabernet Sauvignon contributes to the Bordeaux blend?
It contributes pronounced violet, blackcurrant, black cherry and menthol or herbaceous flavours, medium alcohol, and high acidity and tannins to the Bordeaux blend.
48
What Cabernet Franc contributes to the Bordeaux blend?
It contributes red fruit, high acidity and medium tannins.
49
What Semillon contributes to the high quality dry white Bordeaux blend?
It contributes low to medium intensity aromas, weight and body, and medium acidity. As such, it softens Sauvignon Blanc more intense flavours and high acidity. It has a strong affinity with vanilla and sweet spice flavours from new French oak.
50
What Semillon contributes to the botrytis-affected sweet Bordeaux wines?
It contributes pronounced honey and dried fruit (lemon, peach) character and a waxy texture.
51
What Sauvignon Blanc contributes to the white Bordeaux wines?
It contributes its grassy and gooseberry fruit and high acidity
52
What is the name of Sauternes property owned by the Lur Saluces family (previous owners of dYquem) that is often regarded as dYquem junior?
Chateau de Fargues, the same winemaking techniques are used as at dYquem and de Fargues often matches dYquem in terms of power and intensity.
53
What Haut Medoc appellation has advantage in vintages when summers are dry and hot?
Saint-Estephe AOC, it has more clay in the soil than the neighbours, water retaining capacity of the clay soils.
54
What is the most northerly and coolest of the four prestigious Left Bank Medoc communes?
Saint-Estephe AOC. At 40 per cent, it has more Merlot planted than the other three, as it can ripen successfully here and is well suited to the clay soils away from the estuary.
55
Name two appellations that are further from the river than the four single commune appellations on Right Bank?
Listrac-Medoc AOC and Moulis AOC. Only for reds.
56
What kind of wine can be produced in Graves Superieures AOC?
Late picked and/or botrytis-affected sweet wines
57
What appellation has the reputation for producing the best white wines of Bordeaux?
Pessac-Leognan AOC, sub-region within Graves AOC. It is known for high quality, often barrel-fermented and aged white wines and high-quality red wines, though the red/white split is 80/20 percent.
58
What estate was elevated from a second growth to a first growth in 1973?
Chateau Mouton Rothschild
59
What is pourriture noble?
French word for Noble rot.
60
Name two largest satellites of Saint-Emilion?
Montagne Saint- Emilion AOC and Lussac-Saint- Emilion AOC. They are close to Saint- Emilion but further away from the River Dordogne. Similar wines are made to the same rules as Saint-Emilion AOC.
61
Name Pomerol satellite appellation?
Lalande-de-Pomerol AOC, it is larger and it allows larger yields than Pomerol.
62
What are the ideal situation for noble rot to occur?
When morning mists are burnt off by the middle of the day, with sunshine in the afternoon drying the grapes to avoid the development of grey rot.
63
Name three lesser known Sweet Wine Appellations from Bordeaux?
Sainte-Croix-du-Mont AOC, Loupiac AOC, and Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux AOC. These wines may be botrytis-affected or simply late harvest.
64
What is the name for Cabernet Franc in St-Emilion and Pomerol?
Bouchet
65
Name notable producers found close to Chateau Petrus in Pomerol?
Vieux Chateau Certan, Chateau Lafleur, Chateau l Evangile, Chateau Trotanoy, Chateau Clinet, Chateau la Conseillante, Chateau Petit Village and Le Pin are all less than one kilometer from the fabled estate, high up on the plateau.
66
What is the Graves classification of chateaux?
Graves classification from 1959 is a simple list with no sub-divisions based on pricing, fame and quality as judged by tasting and can be for red and white wines. 16 classified chateaux all located within the sub region of Pessac Leognan.
67
What is the Saint-Emilion classification of chateaux?
Starting from 1955 chateaux are judged on their terroir, methods of production, reputation and commercial considerations and a blind tasting of at least 10 vintages. The classification includes four tiers. The most recent revision of 2012 still stands.
68
In what part of Burgundy is found village of Marsannay?
Most northerly part of Cote de Nuits, close to Dijon, unique in Burgundy for covering red, white and rose wine
69
What kind of wine is produced in Pommard?
Red wines
70
Name river which run through Chablis?
Serein River
71
Name the only village AOP which produce rose wines in Cote d Or?
Marsannay is the only village appellation in all of Burgundy in which producers may choose to produce all three colors of wine. It is likewise the only village AOP in which rose wines are produce
72
What kind of wine is produced under Beaujolais-Villages title?
Geographic designation of Beaujolais AOP, all three styles of wines, slightly higher potential alcohol levels, and slightly lower maximum yields. Usually is red cause white is sold as better known Macon-Villages.
73
When are released Beaujolais nouveau wines?
3rd Thursday of November, only for red and rose wines.
74
Name four Beaujolais crus villages which wines are the most structured, fuller in body, most tannic?
Cote de Brouilly, Morgon, Julienas, and Moulin-a-Vent
75
What is the most important soil in Chablis?
Kimmeridgean
76
Name appellations in Burgundy where Premier Cru classification is not important? (too much percentage of vineyards have it)
Beaune AOP, Volnay AOP, Saint-Aubin AOP
77
What is the name of the biggest cooperative in Chablis?
La Chablisienne, it operates at all levels of the appellation hierarchy
78
Name three Beaujolais crus villages which wines are considered the lightest and frutiest?
Regnie, Chiroubles, and the largest of all Brouilly.
79
Name two most important co-operative producers in Alsace?
Cave de Ribeauville (the oldest; the best) and Cave de Turckheim.
80
What is minimum alcohol level for Alsace Grand Cru wines?
11% for Riesling and Muscat and 12.5% for Pinot Gris and Gewurztraminer; although certain vineyards require higher levels.
81
What is the latest-ripening of the Alsace noble varietals?
Riesling
82
What is Vin de Paille?
French for straw wine, Sweet wine made by drying the grapes off the vine. All Jura varieties except Pinot Noir are permitted. The wines must be above 14% abv, and residual sugar levels are typically 70-120 g/L. They must be aged in oak for a minimum of 18 months and released no sooner than three years after vintage.
83
What is mean Vin Jaune?
Meaning literally yellow wine in French, oxidative white wine from Jura region made from Savagnin grapes using a technique similar to that used for making sherry but without fortification.
84
What is a synonym for Chardonnay in Jura region?
Melon d Arbois and Gamay Blanc
85
What kind of wine is Cremant de Loire AOP?
Higher quality sparkling; traditional method. The better quality wines will consist primarily of Chardonnay; possibly with Cabernet Franc; Pinot Noir and Chenin Blanc.
86
Name grape varieties used for Rose de Loire AOC?
Range of varieties including Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Gamay and Grolleau Noir. The wines are dry.
87
Name grape varieties used for Rose d Anjou AOC?
Mostly made from Grolleau, medium dry, popular wine and the best-selling of the three Rose AOCs.
88
Name grape varieties used for Cabernet d Anjou AOC?
Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon. The wines are typically a deeper colour than most rose (medium pink) and medium-dry but with high acidity. This is the highest quality rose from Anjou.
89
What kind of soil is found in Sancerre?
Chalky stony soil; (Chablis); rich in marine fossils.
90
Name three distinctive terroirs in Sancerre?
Terres Blanches; Les Caillottes; and Silex.
91
Which Central vineyard appellation was the second appellation created; just after de CdP?
Quincy AOP. 210 ha under vine.
92
What is mean sur lie on wine label?
Sur lie wines are aged on their lees over the winter, and are bottled directly off the fine lees (without filtering) between March 1 and November 30 of the year following the harvest. The process adds complexity, richness and a slight sparkle to the finished wines.
93
What Syrah adds to Southern Rhone blends?
Syrah adds structure, fruit and colour to Southern Rhone blends
94
What Grenache Noir adds to Southern Rhone blends?
It contributes pale ruby colour, ripe red fruit (strawberry, red plum, red cherry), spicy and herbal notes, high alcohol, low to medium tannins and low acidity.
95
What Mourvedre adds to Southern Rhone blends?
Mourvedre contributes deep ruby colour, intense aromas of blackberries, blueberries and violets, high alcohol and high, firm tannins.
96
What Cinsault adds to Southern Rhone blends?
Small part of the red blend, contributes light ruby colour, medium to medium (+) intense aromas of fresh red fruit (raspberry, red cherry), high alcohol and low to medium tannins. Highly suitable for early drinking reds and roses.
97
What Roussanne adds to a blend with Marsanne?
Roussanne add finesse, fruit and crisp acidity. It is considered higher quality grape but gives lower yields and is susceptible to rot and resist wind poorly.
98
Name the only producer of Chateau Grillet?
Neyret-Gachet
99
At what age is Condrieu best drunk?
It is best drunk young, at between two and four years in general.
100
Good alternative to red Chateauneuf-du-Pape is found in what appellation?
Gigondas
101
What is the reason that huge majority of Cotes du Rhone AOC wines are coming from Southern Rhone?
Producers in the north can usually sell their wines under more valuable appellations.
102
What nearby appellation can provide good-value alternatives rose wines to Tavel?
Lirac
103
For what is famous Chateauneuf-du-Pape soil?
For large pebbles (galets roules) which radiate heat at night, adding to the warming effect. In the past, this warming effect was valued but it is less so now as a warming climate is contributing to high sugar levels.
104
Name two appellation in Rhone Valley which make sweet Vin doux Naturel?
Golden Muscat version in Beaumes-de-Venise, and very varied colours and styles in Rasteau
105
What percentage of wine production is dedicated for IGP wines in Languedoc?
IGP represents nearly 70 per cent of the production in the Languedoc.
106
What is IGP Pays d Oc?
It is regional IGP, covering the whole of the Languedoc-Roussillon region. IGP Pays d Oc is by far the biggest producer of IGP wine in France, producing between 10-15 per cent of all French wine depending on the vintage.
107
What are the top four grape varieties grown and used for single variety wines in IGP Pays d Oc?
Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay and Syrah
108
Name Grands Vins du Languedoc?
Minervois, Corbieres, Saint Chinian, Limoux sparkling wines, Malepere, Faugeres, Cabardes, Muscats and part of the Terroirs de Coteaux du Languedoc including Picpoul de Pinet
109
Name two appellations in Languedoc that made red blends between Bordeaux and Southern varieties?
Cabardes and Malepere
110
Name Languedoc AOP red varieties?
Grenache, Syrah and Mourvedre (50% minimum), together with Cinsault and black Carignan.
111
Name Languedoc AOP white varieties?
White Grenache, white Clairette, Bourboulenc, white Piquepoul, Roussanne, Marsanne, Tolle and Tourbat
112
What grape varieties are used for production of Saint-Chinian AOC?
Grenache, Syrah and Mourvedre (minimum 50 per cent in the blend). Production of red and rose wines.
113
What grape varieties are used for production of Fitou AOC?
Carignan (which must be 10-40 per cent of the blend) and Grenache (minimum 20 per cent)
114
What kind of wine is produced in Collioure AOC?
Full-bodied, dry, red and white wines from Grenache, Syrah and Mourvedre and Grenache Gris for whites
115
What is the most important wine style coming from Provence?
Pale pink rose made principally from Cinsaut and Grenache Noir. Rose accounts for around 90 per cent of Provence AOC wine, which in turn represents about 40 per cent of France AOC rose wine.
116
What are principal grape varieties for the production of rose Cotes de Provence AOC?
Cinsaut, Grenache Noir, Mourvedre, Syrah and Tibouren and the wines must be a blend of varieties
117
What kind of wine is produced in Bellet in Provence?
Full-bodied whites made from the local Rolle grapes.
118
What kind of wine is produced in Cassis in Provence?
Full-bodied, herb-scented white wines made principally from Clairette and Marsanne
119
Name two largest producing appellations in the Dordogne?
Bergerac AOC and Monbazillac AOC
120
What grape varieties are used for production of Bergerac AOC red wines?
Most important is Merlot, then Cabernets.
121
What grape varieties are used for production of Bergerac AOC white wines?
Most important is Semillon, then Sauvignon and Muscadelle.
122
What kind of wine is produced in Monbazillac AOC?
Increasingly serious sweet white appellation made from Semillon, Sauvignon, and particularly successful here, Muscadelle grapes. The grapes may be affected by botrytis or simply late harvested.
123
What grape varieties are used for production of Montravel red wines?
Most important is Merlot (at least 50%), then Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec
124
What grape varieties are used for production of Montravel white wines?
Semillon and Sauvignon Blanc (which must each constitute at least 25% of the blend), and Muscadelle
125
Name two most important Corsican Varieties?
Nielluccio and Vermentino are the important indigenous Corsican varieties
126
What kind of grape is Nielluccio?
Sangiovese of Toscana
127
Name Roussillon VDN?
Roussillon makes 90 per cent of all of France VDN and Rivesaltes is France most popular VDN by far. Others are Muscat de Rivesaltes, Banyuls, Banyls Grand Cru and Maury
128
Name Languedoc four Muscats appellations?
Frontignan, Muscat de Mireval, Muscat de Lunel, and Muscat de Saint-Jean-de-Minervois
129
What kind of wine is Frontignan AOP?
The most important of the Languedoc four Muscats. First Vin Doux Naturel appellation to be officially recognized. Only Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains should be used. At least 15 per cent alcohol with a sugar content of at least 125 g/l.
130
What variety is used for production of Languedoc Muscats?
Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains
131
What is the difference between Rivesaltes and Banyuls?
Banyuls is better quality and also there is no Muscats only Grenache.
132
In Champagne blend what Chardonnay provides to the blend?
Elegance and longevity
133
In Champagne blend what Pinot Noir provides to the blend?
Structure, richness and body
134
In Champagne blend what Meunier provides to the blend?
Youthful fruitiness and approachability, important for non-vintage wines, tends not to be used in wines intended for long ageing.
135
On the bottle of Champagne what is mean NM?
Negociant Manipulant - A house that purchases grapes and or base wines from growers and other smaller houses. Large Champagne houses with the most international presence are found in this category.
136
On the bottle of Champagne what is mean RM?
Recoltant Manipulant - A grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit. 95% of the grapes must originate in the producers own vineyards.
137
What is the name of Champagne bottle which can hold 1.5 L (2 bottles)?
Magnum
138
What is the name of Champagne bottle which can hold 3 L (4 bottles)?
Jeroboam
139
Name six Grand Cru villages found in Montagne de Reims region?
Ay, Mailly, Verzenay, Verzy, Ambonnay and Bouzy.
140
Name four Grand Cru villages found in Cote des Blancs region?
Cramant, Avize, Oger and Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
