Italy-France Level 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What appellation is the largest producer of DOCG wine in Italy?
A
Asti/Moscato dAsti DOCG
2
Q
What is mean Passito regarding Italian wines?
A
Generic term for wine made from dried grapes (typically sweet but sometimes dry)
3
Q
How you say winery on Italian?
A
Cascina or Cantina
4
Q
What is mean Azienda regarding Italian wines?
A
Company
5
Q
Name Italian region where the majority first language is German?
A
Alto-Adige, also known as Sudtirol.
6
Q
Name three local black varieties found in Trentino?
A
Teroldego (black cherry), Marzemino (red cherry) and Lagrein (ripe berry fruit), are all closely related to each other. They are all vigorous, mid- to late-ripening varieties making deeply coloured, medium tannin wines.
7
Q
Name the best DOC for Teroldego variety in Trentino?
A
Teroldego Rotaliano DOC
8
Q
What are the most important varieties in Alto-Adige?
A
Indigenous is Schiava, and then mostly international varieties Pinot Grigio, Gewurztraminer, Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc.
9
Q
What kind of grape variety is Schiava?
A
Red grape variety typically producing a pale ruby wine with perfumed violet and strawberry aromas with a medium to light body and low tannins.
10
Q
What are orange wines?
A
These wines are made from long maceration (8 days up to 6-8 months) on the skins of white varieties followed by long ageing (2-6 years) in large format oak barrels. Main variety is Ribolla Gialla.
11
Q
Name valley producing Valpolicella that is a separate DOC?
A
Valpolicella Valpantena DOC
12
Q
What is the main difference between Asti and Moscato dAsti?
A
Atmospheric pressure, Asti is fully sparkling while Moscato is not.Alcohol level, Asti (typically 7.5% abv) while Moscato (always 5.5% abv).
13
Q
What is Asti DOCG?
A
Tank-fermented, sparkling, low alcohol wine made from Moscato Bianco (Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains) in three provinces of Piedmont: Asti, Alexandria and Cuneo.
14
Q
For how long Amarone della Valpolicella must be aged?
A
The wine must be aged for a minimum of two years in large casks or barriques
15
Q
For how long Amarone della Valpolicella Riserva must be aged?
A
The wine must be aged for a minimum of four years in large casks or barriques
16
Q
How long Barolo DOCG need to be aged?
A
Three years and two months after harvest, including 18 months in oak. Two years for Barbaresco DOCG.
17
Q
How long Barolo Riserva DOCG need to be aged?
A
Five years and two months after harvest with a minimum of 18 months in oak. Four years for Barbaresco DOCG
18
Q
Name Barolo DOCG Communes of Production?
A
Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, Serralunga dAlba, Monforte dAlba, and La Morra.
19
Q
What are Barbaresco DOCG Communes of Production?
A
Barbaresco, Neive, Treiso
20
Q
What varieties are used for production of Dogliani DOCG?
A
100% Dolcetto
21
Q
What is the main variety used for production of Gattinara DOCG?
A
Spanna (local name for Nebbiolo)
22
Q
What varieties are used for production of Ghemme DOCG?
A
Minimum 85% Spanna; combined maximum 15% Vespolina and Uva Rara (Bonarda Novarese).
23
Q
What varieties are used for production of Roero DOCG?
A
Minimum 95% Nebbiolo.
24
Q
What kind of wine is Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG?
A
White wines, produced from the high-acid, herbal-scented Erbaluce grape, may be still, spumante, or passito in style.
25
What kind of wine is Brachetto dAcqui DOCG?
Sweet, intense aromatic and low-alcohol sparkling red made from Brachetto variety
26
Name five styles are allowed within the Franciacorta DOCG?
Non-vintage, Saten, Rose, Millesimato, and Riserva
27
Name two DOCGs in Valtellina?
Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG, Valtellina Superiore DOCG
28
Name most important grape variety in Valtellina?
Nebbiolo, known here as Chiavennasca. Valtellina is an alpine valley in the far north of Lombardy
29
What kind of wine is Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG?
Powerful dry passito wine, based on the Nebbiolo.
30
How long Chianti Riserva DOCG need to be aged before sale?
Two years before release, apart from the wines of certain subzones, no oak ageing is required. Chianti DOCG can be released for sale in March following the vintage
31
What is the largest of the Chianti subzones?
Chianti Colli Senesi DOCG, it is also generally warmer than the others, producing fuller bodied and richer wines.
32
What are ageing requirements for Chianti Classico DOCG?
Chianti Classico can be released no sooner than October in the year after the harvest. Riserva must be aged for two years from 1 January after the harvest.
33
Name Chianti DOCG Subzones?
Rufina, Colli Fiorentini, Montespertoli, Montalbano, Senesi, Colli Aretini, Colline Pisane.
34
In what year was first time Chianti zone delimited?
In 1716
35
What are ageing requirements for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?
It may not be released until 1 January five years after the harvest, and ageing must include two years in oak containers. For Riserva, six years including three in oak. Only appellation that requires that wine must be 100 per cent Sangiovese, no blending allowed.
36
What are ageing requirements for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG?
Minimum of two years from 1 January after the vintage, with a mandatory period of 12-24 months in wood. Riserva wines must be aged for three years (but no additional requirement for ageing in oak).
37
What kind of wine is Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG?
The wines tend to be less firm than Chianti and less aggressively tannic than Brunello; striking a softer balance.
38
What are ageing requirements for Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC?
Wine must be aged for a minimum 2 years from January 1 of the year following the harvest; including at least 18 months in 225 liter barriques.
39
Where is located Carmignano DOCG?
Tuscany, wines were previously sold as Chianti Montalbano.
40
What grape varieties are used for production of Carmignano DOCG?
At least 50% Sangiovese. Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc (10 to 20 per cent each is required in the blend).
41
What kind of wine is Rosso Piceno DOC?
Largest DOC of the Marche producing red wines from minimum 60% Sangiovese, balanced by smaller portions of Montepulciano.
42
What kind of wine is Rosso Conero DOC?
At least 85 percent Montepulciano, up to 15 percent Sangiovese may be added, though this option is rarely taken. It is a powerful and full-bodied red, characterized by its concentrated color and firm tannins.
43
What are grape varieties for Orvieto DOC?
Minimum 60 per cent of Trebbiano Toscano and/or Grechetto, but better quality wines are likely to include more Grechetto for greater flavour intensity. The wines typically have medium (-) intensity lemon and apple fruit, top end of medium alcohol and medium (+) acidity and a light body. Umbria
44
What are grape varieties for Rosso di Montefalco DOC?
Sangiovese is the main variety (60-70 per cent), with Sagrantino (10-15 per cent) and other permitted varieties. Minimum ageing is 18 months before release. Umbria
45
What kind of wine is Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG?
Must be made from 100 per cent of the Sagrantino variety. The wine must be aged for 33 months before release, of which one year must be in wood. Umbria
46
What are grape varieties for Torgiano DOC?
At least 50 percent Sangiovese. Varietal wines from Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot Nero.
47
What are grape varieties for Frascati DOC?
Malvasia Bianca di Candia and/or Malvasia del Lazio, provided these two varieties singly or together make up at least 70 per cent of the wine. Further, the wine can include up to 30 per cent of Trebbiano Toscano
48
What is the most grown white variety in Campania?
Falanghina. The wines have medium intensity apple and white peach fruit with herbaceous notes (grass) and have medium (+) acidity.
49
What is the most important denomination in Campania for Greco variety?
Greco di Tufo DOCG. The wines are deep lemon in colour, high in alcohol with an oily texture, with floral, stone fruit and smoky notes. Most wines are unoaked and the best can age in bottle.
50
What is the most important denomination in Campania for Fiano variety?
Fiano di Avellino DOCG. The wines have medium (-) to medium intensity floral, peach and hazelnut aromas and flavours, with medium (+) body, medium to medium (+) acidity and a waxy texture.
51
What are requirement for againg in Taurasi DOCG?
The DOCG requires three years of ageing, a minimum of one of which must be in wood (four years including 18 months in wood for riserva).
52
What is the most important denomination in Basilicata?
Aglianico del Vulture DOC. Most other wine production in Basilicata is of IGT or simple wine quality.
53
What are two main DOC in Puglia for Primitivo?
Primitivo di Manduria DOC and Gioia del Colle DOC
54
What is the most important DOC for Negroamaro in Puglia?
Salice Salentino DOC, it requires a minimum of 75 per cent Negroamaro and, if the variety is on label, 90 per cent.
55
What grape varieties are used for Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG?
The blend is 50-70 per cent Nero dAvola and 30-50 per cent Frappato
56
Name two most important denominations for Vermentino in Sardinia?
Vermentino di Sardegna DOC and Vermentino di Gallura DOCG
57
What is en primeur system in Bordeaux?
Wines are sold as futures i.e. a paper transaction where the wine is sold a year to 18 months before it is bottled.
58
What Bordeaux Premier Cru no longer sells its wines en primeur?
Ch. Latour since 2012
59
What kind of wine is produced in Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux AOP?
Appellation reserved only for sweet white wine. Formerly, reds were allowed but these are now produced as Cotes de Bordeaux instead.
60
Why is Semillon more favoured than Sauvignon Blanc in botrytis-affected sweet Bordeaux wines?
Semillon is more susceptible to botrytis than Sauvignon Blanc. Semillon is also prized for its ageability, developing toast and honeyed notes with age in contrast to Sauvignon Blanc that can hold but whose flavours do not evolve.
61
What reputation have Saint-Estephe wines?
Due its cooler regional climate, Saint-Estephe has a reputation for rustic wines that need many years in the bottle to soften the tannins. However, some wines are softer and more accessible, especially from the warmer gravel soils or where there is a significant proportion of Merlot in the blend.
62
What reputation have Pauillac wines?
Stylistically it is regarded as the most structured wine of the Left Bank, with high tannins and high acidity, giving it the capacity for long ageing. Appellation has a high proportion of Cabernet Sauvignon planted
63
What reputation have Saint-Julien wines?
Stylistically it is often regarded as a mid-way point between the powerful structure of Pauillac and the finesse of Margaux. Like Pauillac, this appellation has a very high proportion of Cabernet Sauvignon planted.
64
What reputation have Margaux wines?
Margaux has a reputation for the perfumed wines with silky tannins. There is slightly less Cabernet Sauvignon planted and slightly more Merlot.
65
What kind of wine can be produced in Entre-deux-Mers AOC?
Only white wines, red wine is produced within the appellation area but is bottled as Bordeaux. This is the second largest appellation in terms of hectares in Bordeaux.
66
What kind of wine is produced in Cerons AOP?
Sweet white wines but Botrytis develops less reliably than in Sauternes, permitted yields are higher, and the resulting wines are less concentrated. Most growers decide to make dry white and red wines labeled Graves.
67
Name five villages entitled for production of Sauternes AOP?
Sauternes, Bommes, Fargues, Preignac, and Barsac make up the Sauternes appellation and its 2,200 ha of vines.
68
Name four communes can append their name before the Cotes de Bordeaux AOC?
Blaye, Cadillac, Castillon, Sainte-Foy, and Francs. Cotes de Bourg AOC is a similar appellation that is not under the umbrella of Cotes de Bordeaux.
69
Name two communes for production of Pomerol AOP?
Libourne and Pomerol.
70
What kind of wine is produced in Entre-Deux-Mers AOP?
This is appellation for only dry white wines but Merlot dominates the regions vineyards today, destined for Bordeaux and Bordeaux Superieur AOP wines. In fact, nearly three-quarters of Bordeaux AOP wines are produced in the Entre-Deux-Mers region.
71
Name four tiers of Saint-Emilion classification?
Premier Grand Cru Classe A, Premier Grand Cru Classe B, Grand Cru Classe and Grand Cru. The use of the term Grand Cru for the lowest tier of classified Saint-Emilion is regarded by many outside of the region as misleading.
72
Name wine-producing communes of the Cote Chalonnaise?
Bouzeron, Rully, Mercurey, Givry, and Montagny.
73
What kind of wine is Cremant de Bourgogne?
Hand-harvested, traditional method white and rose sparkling wines. Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. From brut (dry) to sec (medium). Aligote and Gamay are also allowed.
74
Name Maconnais five village AOPs?
Pouilly-Fuisse, Pouilly-Loche, Pouilly-Vinzelles, Saint-Veran, and Vire-Clesse.
75
What is Cote dOr largest appellation?
Gevrey-Chambertin.
76
What kind of wine is produced in Mercurey AOP?
This is the largest village appellation in Cote Chalonnaise, 85% of its vines are Pinot Noir.
77
What kind of wine is produced in Montagny AOP?
Only white wines produced from Chardonnay are authorized. Two-thirds of the appellation is classified as premier cru.
78
What kind of wine is produced in Bouzeron AOP?
Blanc: 100% Aligote
79
What kind of wine is produced in Rully AOP?
This appellation produces both white and red wines in a 70% to 30% ratio.
80
What kind of wine is produced in Givry AOP?
Like Mercurey, Givry produces a lot of red wines and a little white.
81
What kind of wine is produced in Saint-Aubin AOP?
White wines comprise about 75% of its production, the rest is red wines. Excellent value
82
Monopole vineyard of Domaine Long-Depaquit overlapping Vaudesir and Preuses vineyards is called?
La Moutonne
83
Name communes allowed for production of Vosne-Romanee AOP?
Vosne-Romanee and Flagey-Echezeaux.
84
Name two monopole Grands Crus vineyards in Vosne-Romanee owned by Domaine de la Romanee-Conti?
La Tache and Romanee-Conti
85
What is a common practice in Burgundy to maximise the extraction of colour with Pinot Noir?
Cold soaking for a few hours to a few days, as Pinot Noir is low in anthocyanins compared to many other black grape varieties
86
What kind of wine is Beaujolais Nouveau AOC?
Made by carbonic or semi-carbonic maceration, bottled 3-5 days after fermentation has finished. Primeur is a synonym for Nouveau.
87
An inxpensive blended wine will be labeled with what term in Alsace?
Edelzwicker
88
More quality blend wine will be labeled with what term in Alsace?
Gentil. It requires a minimum of 50% of noble grapes. Base wines must be vinified seperately.
89
Name two designations for late-harvest wines in Alsace?
Vendages Tardives and Selections de Grains Nobles (botrytis).
90
Name two exceptions for Alsace Grand Cru where blending is permitted?
Altenberg de Bergheim and Kaefferkopf
91
What is the most important variety for Cremant dAlsace AOP?
Pinot Blanc
92
Name most important red varieties in Arbois AOP?
The three main red grapes of the Jura are allowed for red wines: Poulsard (Ploussard), Trousseau, and Pinot Noir
93
Name most important white varieties in Arbois AOP?
The dry whites are typically 100% Chardonnay, although Savagnin may be added as a blending partner.
94
What kind of wine is Chateau-Chalon?
It is appellation which is regarded as the unofficial grand cru for the famous vin jaune of the Jura region. Wines are often compared to Sherry. All Chateau-Chalon wine is sold in squat bottles known as clavelins, which contain 62cl of wine.
95
What grape varietis are used for production of Chateau-Chalon?
Only late harvested Savagnin grapes. Jura region
96
What is the most important white variety in Touraine?
Sauvignon Blanc
97
What is the most important white variety in Anjou-Saumur?
Chenin Blanc for dry, off-dry and sweet white wines
98
What grape variety is known as Breton in the Loire Valley?
Cabernet Franc
99
What grape variety is known as Cot in the Loire Valley?
Malbec
100
What grape variety is known as Pineau de la Loire in the Loire Valley?
Chenin Blanc
101
What grape varieties are used for Anjou Blanc?
It must have a minimum of 80 per cent Chenin Blanc
102
What grape varieties are used for Anjou Rouge?
Minimum of 70 per cent of Cabernet Franc and/or Cabernet Sauvignon.
103
What kind of wine is Savennieres AOC?
Small but prestigious appellation mainly specialising in fully dry wine made from Chenin Blanc that have very high acidity and often reach high levels of alcohol. They can be very austere in youth and historically have required many years in bottle before they became approachable.
104
Name three important appellations for sweet wine in Anjou?
Coteaux du Layon AOC, Bonnezeaux AOC, and Quarts de Chaume AOC
105
Where is located and what kind of wine is produced in Quarts de Chaume?
High quality sweet wines. Extraordinary small enclave within the Coteaux du Layon, and appellation on its own. Grand Cru.
106
What kind of wine is produced in Bonnezeaux AOP?
Particularly well-favoured enclave for sweet wine production from Chenin Blanc within the Coteaux du Layon. Yields are usually very low; 25 hl/ha.
107
Name Loire Valley Grand Cru appellation?
Quarts de Chaume.
108
Name Loire Valley Premier Cru appellation?
Coteaux du Layon Chaume.
109
Name three appellations for the rose wines production in the Anjou-Saumur?
Rose de Loire AOC, Rose dAnjou AOC, and Cabernet dAnjou AOC
110
What kind of wine is Coteaux de Saumur AOC?
Sweet wines made with over-ripe Chenin Blanc grapes, with or without botrytis, picked in a number of passes through the vineyard. The wines are lusciously sweet, balanced by high acidity.
111
What are principal variety for Touraine AOC Blanc?
Sauvignon Blanc. There is also possibility of adding name of six sub-zones, different varieties used, e.g. Touraine AOC Amboise is Chenin Blanc
112
What are principal varieties for red Touraine AOC?
Cabernet Franc and Cot. Gamay is also grown, name of the variety may be attached, i.e. Touraine AOC Gamay.
113
Name appellation that used to be part of Vouvray that produce wines similar in style?
Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC
114
What kind of wine is produced in Bourgueil AOP?
Majority of wine produced is red from Cabernet Franc (up to 10% of Cabernet Sauvignon), fuller and more tannins than Chinon; small production of rose but not white.
115
What kind of wine is St-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOC?
Generally a lighter style of wine than Bourgueil AOC. The wines are similar in style and price to Saumur-Champigny AOC.
116
What kind of wine is Chinon AOC?
Appellation best known and highly regarded for red wines produced from Cab Franc with 10 percent of Cab Sauv, although whites from CB and rose wines are also made. The wines range from light fruity, early to drink examples to much more structured and powerful wines.
117
What kind of wine is produced in Reuilly AOC?
White wines from Sauvignon Blanc only, red from Pinot Noir only, rose from Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir
118
What kind of wine is produced in Quincy AOC?
White wines only from Sauvignon Blanc (minimum 90 per cent) and Sauvignon Gris, same maximum yield as Sancerre.
119
Pouilly-sur-Loire produce what kind of wines?
White wines from Chasselas grape
120
What sur lie aging adds to Muscadet wine?
Complexity, richness and slight sparkle.
121
What is the only Alsace appellation allowing the use of Chardonnay?
Cremant dAlsace
122
Why is Grenache Noir suitable for producing Vin Doux Naturel?
The grapes can accumulate high sugar levels quickly, which can be an issue in dry wines but makes it very suitable for producing Vin Doux Naturel.
123
Chapoutiers Chante Alouette Hermitage is produced from which grape?
Marsanne
124
Name two Guigal single-vineyards bottlings in Cote Brune (Cote-Rotie)?
La Landonne and La Turque
125
Name the only one Guigal single-vineyard bottlings in Cote Blonde (Cote-Rotie)?
La Mouline
126
What are the most important producers in Hermitage AOC?
Negociant houses of Chapoutier and Jaboulet, with significant holdings owned by the cooperative Cave de Tain and by Jean-Louis Chave
127
What kind of wine is produced in Saint-Peray AOC?
Only white, Marsanne accounts for the vast majority of plantings, with some Roussanne. In addition to still wine, traditional method sparkling wine is made from the same varieties, though it is increasingly rare.
128
What is the largest appellation in Northern Rhone?
Crozes-Hermitage
129
Name the best known merchants in Northern Rhone?
Jaboulet, Chapoutier, Delas, and Guigal.
130
What are the principal varieties for red and rose Cotes du Rhone wines?
Grenache Noir (min. 30 per cent), Mourvedre and Syrah (combination min 20 per cent), all three together min 60 per cent of the blend. Many local minor varieties are permitted including Carignan and Cinsaut.
131
What are the principal varieties for white Cotes du Rhone wines?
Principal varieties for white wines are: Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Viognier together must make up 80 per cent of the final blend. Many local minor varieties are permitted including Piquepoul Blanc.
132
What appellation lies across the river from Chateauneuf-du-Pape?
Lirac AOC
133
What grape varieties are allowed for Gigondas AOC?
Appellation for red and rose wines only made from Grenache Noir (at least 50 per cent) and at least one of Syrah or Mourvedre.
134
Name most important Gigondas AOP rules?
Gigondas shares Chateauneuf low maximum yield (35 hl/ha), high minimum natural alcoholic strength (12.5 per cent) and a compulsory triage to eliminate imperfect grapes.
135
What kind of wine is produced in Vinsobres?
Only for red wines. Minimum 50% Grenache and at least 25 per cent of either Syrah or Mourvedre. More planting of Syrah in recent years, contributing flavour intensity, structure and colour.
136
What kind of wine is produced in Lirac AOC?
Most are red wines (85 per cent), rose wines are important and small amount of white wines.
137
What grape varieties are used for production of red Lirac AOC wines?
Principal varieties are Grenache Noir, Mourvedre, Syrah and Cinsaut which together must make up a minimum of 90 per cent of the final blend.
138
What are some characteristic of Tavel AOC wines?
Deep pink color and higher tannin levels.
139
What are grape varieties used for Tavel AOC?
Grenache Noir is the dominant grape variety, but may not exceed 60 per cent of the blend. Cinsault is the second most important, then Syrah and Clairette.
140
What kind of wine is produced in Cremant de Die AOC?
Dry sparkling wines made by traditional method from a minimum of 55 percent Clairette, finished with an addition of Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains and Aligote.
141
What kind of wine is produced in Coteaux de Die AOC?
This appellation is for the light, still, white wines made exclusively from the Clairette grape variety.
142
Name Grands Crus du Languedoc?
Minervois-La Liviniere, Corbieres-Boutenac, St-Chinian Roquebrun, Limoux (for still whites), Pic St-Loup, La Clape, Gres de Montpellier, Pezenas and Terrasses du Larzac
143
What is the biggest AOP found in Languedoc, apart from regional appellation?
Corbieres AOP
144
Name first appellation in Languedoc?
Fitou AOP
145
In what two Champagne districts is Pinot Noir predominant?
Montagne de Reims and the Cote des Bar
146
Name Champagne district where Meunier is heavily cultivated?
Vallee de la Marne.
147
Apart from Cote des Blancs, Chardonnay is predominant in what Champagne district?
Cote de Sezanne.
148
What is liqueur de tirage?
Mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar, and fining agents that will serve to ignite the second fermentation in the production of Champagne.
149
What is prise de mousse?
The second fermentation in Champagne production.
150
What is dosage or liqueur d expedition?
Liquid mixture of sugar syrup and wine. Rarely, bone-dry non-dosage styles are produced. The amount of sugar in the dosage is determined by the desired style of the wine.
151
What is NV Champagne?
Generally brut in style, the NV cuvee represents a house signature style, and the blenders job is to ensure its consistency from year to year. Non-vintage Champagne makes up at least three-quarters of the market.
152
What is a Vintage Champagne?
These are usually brut in style, 100 per cent of the wine must come from the year indicated. Produced only in best vintages but every producer decide by itself which year to indicate Vintage, some years have universally excellent growing conditions like 2002 and 2008.
153
What is a Rose Champagne?
They are usually made by blending red wine with white (rose d assemblage), it is possible to make it with skin maceration of black grapes and then the wine is bled off (rose de saignee)
154
What is a Blanc de Blancs Champagne?
White wine made from white grapes only. These wines can be leaner and more austere in youth, but often have an unmatched ageing potential, developing notes of biscuit and hazelnuts.
155
What is a Blanc de Noirs Champagne?
White wine made from black grapes only. The wines are fuller bodied than Blanc de Blancs are, but they generally age more rapidly than Blanc de Blancs wines.
