World History Semester 1 Exam Flashcards
New inventions in the textile industry made it necessary to change from the domestic system to producing cloth in _____?
factories
The belief that individuals should own the factors of production rather than the government is known as_____?
capitalism
The belief that society as a group rather than individuals should own and operate farms and businesses is the basic meaning of ____?
socialism
The philosopher who thought that history was a struggle between classes was ____?
karl marx
The working class is known as the ____?
proletariat
A form of socialism that focuses on ending class struggle is called ____?
communism
What were the causes of the Industrial Revolution starting in Great Britain?
Resources, stable government, markets, and technological advances
During the Agricultural Revolution in the 1700s, wealthy landowners increased food production by ____?
practicing enclosure
During the 19th century, why did the use of child labor increase?
the development of the factory system
Why did labor unions rise during the Industrial Revolution ?
working conditions in factories were horrible
The French term laissez-faire refers to a belief that ____?
government shouldnt regulate buissness at all
By 1900, what were the world’s 2 leading industrial nations?
u.s and germany
What was a direct result of the discovery that germs caused disease?
Improved sanitation
Darwin challenged traditional beliefs by asserting that____?
all forms of life evolved over millions of years
The idea that the fittest would always beat out their competitors, whether in war or industry, is known as ____?
social darwinsim
Cars and airplanes are common means of travel today because of what advances in the Industrial Age?
Ford’s mass production of cars, the internal combustion engine, and the knowledge of the Wright brothers in aerodynamics
The process of heating liquids to kill bacteria and prevent fermentation is called ____?
pausterization
Increased coal mining, development of the Bessemer process, and development of the light bulb were all factors contributing to the rise of what?
industrialization
Standardization of parts and the moving assembly line led to mass production of affordable cars. How did that change the physical landscape of the U.S.?
roads were built to accomadate traffic
The right to vote is also called ____?
sufferage
In cities of the nineteenth-century, where did the poor live?
in tenements near factories
The campaign to limit the use of alcoholic beverages was called the ____?
temperance movement
Using a political office to gain personal advantage by illegally obtaining money or property is known as ____?
graft
Congress passed a law to decrease the number of Chinese immigrants because ____?
Depression in the 1870s which led to unemployment, and Americans thought the Chinese were barbaric
What were the results of public education?
Increased literacy, newspaper sales, & respect for journalism
What methods did political machines of the 19th century use to get votes?
Threaten/use violence, promise city services, and pay gambling debts
The late 19th century United States is often referred to as “The Gilded Age” because of the ____?
Underlying poverty and corruption that were present despite the appearance of great wealth and prosperity
How did new waves of immigration in the U.S. during the late 19th and early 20th centuries affect factories?
Abundance of cheap labor kept factory costs low
During the Industrial Revolution, how did the economic hardships of immigrants influence social reform?
settlement houses were provided to provide services to the poor
Why did many people move to cities in the early 1900s?
employment oppurtunities
Why was the population boom at the turn of the twentieth century important to American industrialization?
It provided a larger labor force and consumer market
The canal that helped shorten the distance between Great Britain and India was the ____?
suez canal
The domination of a powerful nation over the political, economic, and cultural affairs of another nation or region is called ____?
imperalism
How did the Industrial Revolution encourage imperialism?
created needs for raw material and markets
What were results of the Sepoy Rebellion?
Britain began to rule India directly, Indian nationalist movements increased, hostilities and cultural exchange increased
