World History Semester 1 Exam Flashcards
New inventions in the textile industry made it necessary to change from the domestic system to producing cloth in _____?
factories
The belief that individuals should own the factors of production rather than the government is known as_____?
capitalism
The belief that society as a group rather than individuals should own and operate farms and businesses is the basic meaning of ____?
socialism
The philosopher who thought that history was a struggle between classes was ____?
karl marx
The working class is known as the ____?
proletariat
A form of socialism that focuses on ending class struggle is called ____?
communism
What were the causes of the Industrial Revolution starting in Great Britain?
Resources, stable government, markets, and technological advances
During the Agricultural Revolution in the 1700s, wealthy landowners increased food production by ____?
practicing enclosure
During the 19th century, why did the use of child labor increase?
the development of the factory system
Why did labor unions rise during the Industrial Revolution ?
working conditions in factories were horrible
The French term laissez-faire refers to a belief that ____?
government shouldnt regulate buissness at all
By 1900, what were the world’s 2 leading industrial nations?
u.s and germany
What was a direct result of the discovery that germs caused disease?
Improved sanitation
Darwin challenged traditional beliefs by asserting that____?
all forms of life evolved over millions of years
The idea that the fittest would always beat out their competitors, whether in war or industry, is known as ____?
social darwinsim
Cars and airplanes are common means of travel today because of what advances in the Industrial Age?
Ford’s mass production of cars, the internal combustion engine, and the knowledge of the Wright brothers in aerodynamics
The process of heating liquids to kill bacteria and prevent fermentation is called ____?
pausterization
Increased coal mining, development of the Bessemer process, and development of the light bulb were all factors contributing to the rise of what?
industrialization
Standardization of parts and the moving assembly line led to mass production of affordable cars. How did that change the physical landscape of the U.S.?
roads were built to accomadate traffic
The right to vote is also called ____?
sufferage
In cities of the nineteenth-century, where did the poor live?
in tenements near factories
The campaign to limit the use of alcoholic beverages was called the ____?
temperance movement
Using a political office to gain personal advantage by illegally obtaining money or property is known as ____?
graft
Congress passed a law to decrease the number of Chinese immigrants because ____?
Depression in the 1870s which led to unemployment, and Americans thought the Chinese were barbaric
What were the results of public education?
Increased literacy, newspaper sales, & respect for journalism
What methods did political machines of the 19th century use to get votes?
Threaten/use violence, promise city services, and pay gambling debts
The late 19th century United States is often referred to as “The Gilded Age” because of the ____?
Underlying poverty and corruption that were present despite the appearance of great wealth and prosperity
How did new waves of immigration in the U.S. during the late 19th and early 20th centuries affect factories?
Abundance of cheap labor kept factory costs low
During the Industrial Revolution, how did the economic hardships of immigrants influence social reform?
settlement houses were provided to provide services to the poor
Why did many people move to cities in the early 1900s?
employment oppurtunities
Why was the population boom at the turn of the twentieth century important to American industrialization?
It provided a larger labor force and consumer market
The canal that helped shorten the distance between Great Britain and India was the ____?
suez canal
The domination of a powerful nation over the political, economic, and cultural affairs of another nation or region is called ____?
imperalism
How did the Industrial Revolution encourage imperialism?
created needs for raw material and markets
What were results of the Sepoy Rebellion?
Britain began to rule India directly, Indian nationalist movements increased, hostilities and cultural exchange increased
Ethiopia was able to resist the Europeans because ____?
they had modern weapons and a good army
The Sepoy Rebellion was mainly caused by ____?
british insensitivity to indian customs
Why was imperialism by Western countries successful?
They had technology for transportation, superior weapons, and medicine
What were the 4 main causes of imperialism?
Nationalism, new opportunities, humanitarian goals, and Industrial Revolution
What country other than Ethiopia remained independent even after the other 90% of Africa was claimed by Europe?
liberia
The canal that links the Caribbean Sea with the Pacific Ocean is the ____?
panama canal
What major incident occurred that led the U.S. to start the Spanish-American War in 1898?
the u.s.s maine exploded
Great Britain began trading opium for tea in China because ____?
the Spanish silver market was closed to them during the American Revolution
What did Japan do following Commodore Perry’s visit to it?
opened ports to american trade
Japan became an imperialist power when it gained control of ____?
korea
The Russo-Japanese War began because____?
japan and russia wanted manchuria
Siam remained independent by ____?
became a buffer state in between british and french colonies
One reason the U.S. did not do much to keep European powers out of the Western Hemisphere between 1865 to 1876 was due to focusing on ____?
reconstruction
Commodore Perry’s mission to open Japan to trade was a difficult challenge because ____?
it had been closed for 200 years
Assimilation was a harmful effect of imperialism because ____?
native people were losing traditions and culture
The U.S. began building the Panama Canal because it realized ____?
it needed a shorter sea route in between its pacific and atlantic coasts
Imperialism was in some ways beneficial because
railroads, bridges, and roads were built
What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
An addition to the Monroe Doctrine to protect Latin America, made by Teddy Roosevelt, putting force behind the doctrine
What role did newspapers play at the time of the Spanish-American War?
influence government policies
How did U.S. imperialists justify the U.S. occupation of the Philippines?
it would result in an expansion of democracy
Industrialization eventually led to the need for coaling stations for ships. What would the U.S. need to do to get coaling stations?
accquire territories
What country did France gain control of that is today Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia?
indochina
The four main causes of World War I were ____?
nationalism, imperalism, mitirialism, and alliances
The Central Powers in WWI consisted of ____?
Germany, Ottoman Empire, and Austria-Hungary
The Allied Powers in WWI consisted of ____?
britian, france, russia
The area/region of Europe that was so potentially explosive before WWI was known as the
balkan powder keg
The spark that ignited World War I was the assassination of Archduke ____?
ferdinand
To organize a nation’s resources for combat; to move troops and equipment is to ____?
mobilize
Austria-Hungary’s first reaction to the murder of the archduke was to ____?
issue an ultimatum to serbia
The czar in Russia in 1914 was named ____?
nicholas II
Germany invaded France in WWI using the ____?
schleiffen plan
The first country to declare war in 1914 was ____?
austria-hungary
The system of alliances that existed prior to World War I was dangerous because ____?
if any two nations go to war, all the others do too
Germany wanted to march through Belgium in WWI because ____?
They needed to avoid hilly and forested terrain on the French border
Ideas, facts or rumors spread deliberately to further one’s cause or damage an opposing cause are known as ____?
propaganda
The incident that finally pushed the U.S. “over the edge” so that it soon declared war on Germany was the ____?
zimmermann telegram
The years during which WWI was fought are ____?
1914-1918
The effect of the 1916 Russian offensives was to ____?
enable the fench to win the battle of verdun
An armed conflict characterized by the mobilization of all of a nation’s resources, industry, and population is called a ____?
total war
The main reason that WWI quickly became a war of attrition was because ____?
Machine gun “mowed down” soldiers when exiting trenches.
The use of the machine gun during WWI changed the nature of war because ____?
it led to the development of new fighting tactics and strategies
Even after the Russians lost so much in 1915, they agreed to go on the offensive in 1916 because ____?
Allies promised them control over Constantinople, the Dardanelles Strait and Bosporus Strait
What country sent the Zimmermann Telegram?
germany
What country was meant to receive the Zimmermann Telegram?
mexico
What did the Zimmermann Telegram say?
mexico would join part of u.s if they joined germany
Who intercepted the Zimmerman Telegram?
british military intellegence
The leader of the Bolsheviks was ____?
lenin
After the Bolsheviks seized control of the Russian government in 1917, they renamed themselves the ____?
communists
One cause of the March 1917 revolution in Russia was ____?
food shortages
The peace agreement established at the end of WWI was called the Treaty of ____?
versailles
The peacekeeping organization established after WWI was the ____?
league of nations
The genocide/holocaust of WWI occurred when the ___?
ottoman turks killed armenians
What man wanted to create the League of Nations for everlasting peace?
president woodrow wilson
