The Industrial Age (1800-1914) Flashcards
aka the 2nd Industrial Revolution
parts that are so nearly identical that they can fit into any assembly of the same type
interchangeable parts
an association of manufacturers of suppliers with the purpose of maintaining prices at a high level and restricting competition
cartel (aka. a syndicate)
the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service
monopoly (aka. a trust)
a manufacturing process in which parts are added in sequence
assembly line
applies biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics
social darwinism
the scientific study of the mind and behavior
psychology
a process of heating liquids to kill bacteria and prevent spoilage
pasteurization
the theory that plants and animals developed from common ancestors long ago
evolution
(austrian) developed theories about the unconcious mind.
Sigmund Freud
(russian) discovered process of classical conditioning while studying digestive process of dogs
Ivan Pavlov
discovered how antiseptic prevented infection (this contributed directly to increased life expectancy)
Joseph Lister
invented gasoline powered internal combustion engine
Nikolaus Otto
proved link between microbes and disease (the “germ theory”); developed vaccines against rabies and anthrax, and discovered process of pasturization
Louis Pasteur
invented radio
Guglielmo Marconi
(british) discovered electrons and developed subatomic theory
J.J. Thompson
(german) general theory of relativity and the special theory of relativity
Albert Einstein
patented telephone
Alexander Graham Bell
developed the bessemer process
Henry Bessemer
invented dynamite
Alfred Nobel
(british) published “On The Orgin Of Species” and theory of evolution
Charles Darwin
insisted on better hygeine in wartime field hospitals; introduced sanitary measures in British hospitals; started the worlds fist nursing school
Florence Nightingale
(german) developed quantum theory
Max Planck
(french) discovered radioactivity
Pierre & Marie Curie
(german) discovered x-rays and developed x-ray photographic process
William Roentgen
(austrian munk) experimented with cross-pollinating pea plants
Gregor Mendel
By 1900, which 2 countries were the world’s leading industrial nations?
Germany and the United States
What was Ford’s contribution to industry?
he massed produced cars with the assembly line
How did Darwin challenge traditional beliefs?
the view that God had originally created all species of plant and animal life, just as they exist today.
Why does Darwin’s theory of evolution cause controversy
a lot of people were christians and not everyone believed him
What was developed that helped cars and airplanes become common means of travel?
the gasoline powered internal combustion engine
Whose work did Darwin study to develop his theory of natural selection (evolution)?
Alfred Russel Wallace
