World Geography 1098 Flashcards
the smallest ocean
Arctic Ocean
the largest ocean
Pacific Ocean
second largest ocean
Atlantic Ocean
warmest ocean
Indian Ocean
a portion of the ocean that is enclosed or partly enclosed by land
sea
a smaller river that flows into a larger one
tributary
land formed at the mouth of a river by deposited silt
delta
a river and its tributaries
river system
starting point of a river
source
land drained by a river and its tributaries
river basin
point at which a river empties into another body of water
mouth
longest river on Earth
The Nile
river that carries more water than any other river
Amazon river
source of the White Nile
Lake Victoria
source of the Blue Nile
Lake Tana
largest dam on the Nile
Aswan High Dam
narrow body of water that connects an enclosed sea with a larger body of water
strait
planet nearest Earth
Venus
planet that has a rust color
Mars
planets that have rings
Neptune, Saturn, and Uranus
planet nearest the sun
Mercury
planet that is called “the Blue Planet”
Earth
planet that looks bluish green because of methane
Neptune, Uranus
planet that has a surface covered with rock and methane ice
Pluto
largest planet
Jupiter
planet that regularly exchange places as the planet farthest from the sun
Pluto, Neptune
The ____ known point on Earth is in the ______ in the Pacific Ocean
deepest; Mariana Trench
Because they are part of the ____, all seas are ____
ocean; salty
Both the ____ Sea and the ____ Sea are actually lakes
Caspian; Dead
The ____ Sea has always been historically significant
Mediterranean
A ____ is usually more enclosed, generally larger, and usually has a more narrow mouth than a ____, but both make excellent ____
gulf; bay; harbor
The ____ River is surrounded by the largest tropical rain forest on Earth
Amazon
Only Earth has the proper ____, ____ range, and sufficient quantities of ____ to sustain life as we know it
atmosphere; temperature; water
Why is Earth called the Blue Planet?
because the water makes the planet appear blue when viewed from space
State the geographers’ definition of a sea
portion of the ocean that is enclosed or partly enclosed by land
In relation to ____, seas may be ____, ____, or _____
oceans they join ;enclosed; partly enclosed; not enclosed
In some areas, a ______ acts as a line of demarcation between an ocean and a sea
group of islands
Two reasons why the Middle East is a strategic location today
- its vast oil reserves
2. its significance in Bible prophecy
A strip of land that juts out into a lake or an ocean and is surrounded by water on three sides
peninsula
A point of land smaller than a peninsula that extends into a body of water
cape
land completely surrounded by water
island
an island cluster or chain
archipelago
a circular, ring-shaped coral island
atoll
formed by skeletons of coral polyps
coral island
narrow coastal island
barrier island
formed by volcanic eruptions
oceanic island and volcanic mountain
part of a large landmass at one time
continental island
the height of a landform in relation to sea level
elevation
all soil horizons in a specific area
profile
formed when magma crust pushes upward, surface rock is eroded, and hardened igneous rock is exposed
dome mountain
formed when crust shifted and broke into huge blocks that moved up or down
fault-block mountain
formed when plates slowly collide, wrinkle, and are pushed upward
folded mountain
elevation of at least 1,000 feet (300m)
mountain
elevation of less than 1,000 feet (300m)
hill
large area with level or slightly rolling land
plain
tableland
plateau
layer of solid rock underlying all soil
bedrock
ability of soil to supply nutrients to plants
fertility
horizontal layer of soil
horizon
____ and ____ are the only continents completely surrounded by water
Antarctica; Australia
____ and ____ have fewer mountains than other continents
Africa; Australia
____ is molten rock beneath Earth’s surface
Magma
____ is molten rock after it has erupted from the surface
Lava
The ____ is a plateau known as ____
Pamir; “the roof of the world”
The highest mountain are found in the ____
Himalayas
Name the four landforms on Earth
- mountains
- hills
- plains
- plateaus
Soil may be classified according to ____ or ____
color; texture
Loam is a combination of ____, ____, and ____
sand; silt; clay
Name the six horizons in order
- O
- A
- E
- B
- C
- R
The ____ is the land part of the Earth
lithosphere
What is a sea?
a portion of the ocean that is enclosed or partly enclosed by land
List three ways in which hills are formed
- by a build up of rock and debris
- by sand deposits left by glaciers or wind
- when surrounding land is eroded away and elevated areas are left behind
About ____ of Earth’s land area, as well as most of the ____, is covered with mountains
20 percent; sea floor
BIOTIC OR MINERAL
nonliving resources
mineral
BIOTIC OR MINERAL
living resources
biotic
BIOTIC OR MINERAL
vegetation
biotic
BIOTIC OR MINERAL
metals
mineral
BIOTIC OR MINERAL
renewable
biotic
BIOTIC OR MINERAL
nonrenewable
biotic
BIOTIC OR MINERAL
fossil fuels
mineral
BIOTIC OR MINERAL
animals
biotic
savannas?
tropical grasslands
vegetation areas with rainy and dry seasons
tropical grasslands
vegetation areas with summer and winter seasons
temperate grasslands
vegetation in the far north
arctic tundra
vegetation at high elevations
alpine tundra
a combination of metals
alloy
What are fossil fuels?
coal, petroleum, natural gas
What is a map?
a representation of all or part of Earth on a flat paper
What explains the meaning of symbols and/or colors on the map?
key and legends
What relates distances on a map to actual distances?
Map scale
one half of Earth
hemisphere
the set of crisscrossed lines on a map
grid
annual rainfall between 10 and 30 inches
grassland
annual rainfall atleast 30 inches
forest
annual rainfall 10 inches
xerophytic
cold areas with short growing seasons
tundra
mosses, lichens, short grasses
tundra
cacti
xerophytic
trees that shade the ground
forest
grasses
grassland
____, ____, and ____ are factors that affect vegetation
climate; soil fertility; topography
Factors affecting animal life include ____ and ____
climate; vegetation
____ are nonrenewable resources because they were formed during and immediately after the Flood and the process are not occurring today
Fossil fuels
Lines of ____ run north and south; lines of ____ run east and west
longitude; latitude
Latitude are numbered 0 degrees to __ degrees; longitudes from 0 degrees to __ degrees
90; 180
____ are lines of latitudes; are lines of longitudes
parallels; meridians
The ____ is at 0 degrees longitude; the ____ is at 0 degrees latitude
prime meridian; equator
Lines of ____ are just points at the poles
latitude
Lines of ____ are not parallel
longitude
Each degree in a line of ____ represents 69 miles (111km) on Earth’s surface
latitude
The ____ map projection is the most commonly used projection
cylindrical
The ____ projection is a type of azimuthal projection especially useful to pilots because it represents a great circle
gnomonic
The ____ projection is often used to map areas around the poles
azimuthal
Made as though a cone of paper were placed on the globe with its point over one of the poles
conic projection
Made as though a piece of paper were wrapped around the globe
cylindrical projection
Made as though paper were laid directly over a particular point on the globe
azimuthal projection
Only about 3% of the water on Earth is ____, and less than 1/3 of that is in a liquid or a vapor state
fresh
A ____ joins enclosed seas with an ocean
strait
More than half of the world’s population lives on ____, which cover about 55% of the Earth’s surface
plains
A ____ often has an escarpment at its edge
plateau
The ____ divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres; 20 W ____ and 160 E ____
equator; meridian; meridian
All flat maps are ____ in some way because it is not possible to draw a sphere accurately on a flat piece of paper
distorted
