World Geography 1097 Flashcards
“Ex nihilo” means ____
“out of nothing”
Time equals ____
“beginning”
Matter equals ____
“earth”
Space equals ____
“heaven”
American astronauts aboard the ____ on ____
Apollo 8; December 24, 1968
Earth is about ____ times larger than the ____
four; moon
The ____ is the only source of true information about Creation
Bible
Our universe is limited by what three factors?
Time, space, and matter
A ____ of water vapor provided a uniform climate, a radiation filter, and an increased atmospheric pressure for Earth
canopy
Man and animals are similar ____ and ____, but only man is made in the ____
chemically; physically; image of God
Man has ____
- an imagination
- the ability to speak and understand language
- the ability to think, reason, plan, make choices, distinguish between right and wrong
- emotions
- immortality
- an aesthetic sense
- ability to know and worship God
When people have no ____, they find false gods to worship
knowledge of the true God
We must ____ because the true God desires fellowship with all men
take his message to those who have never heard
Adam and Eve had the ____ of caring for the Garden of Eden
responsibility
Since Creation, the universe has ____ according to laws established by God
continued
God seldom intervenes in the ____ processes He set in motion
nature
After man sinned, the ground was ____ and ____ appeared for the first time
cursed; death
God planned the destruction of the Earth and its inhabitants because of the ____
unrepentant wickedness of men
Because of its design, the Ark did not ____, even in very rough weather
capsize
There were many small ____, or ____, on eah floor of the Ark
rooms; nests
God probably instilled in the animals a ____ instinct that led them to the Ark
migration
The ____ is the land area that is believed to have existed before the Flood
Pangea
Water gushed from underground ____ and fell from the ____ during the Flood
reservoirs; canopy
____ surged across the surface of the Earth
Tidal waves
Violent ____ and ____ eruptions were caused by splits in the Earth’s crust
earthquakes; volcanic
____ rock was formed immediately after the Flood
Sedimentary
The pressure of the ____ and the ____ solidified this rock
water; sediment
Many land formations were created by the rapidly rushing ____
water
Earth was covered with water for ____ after the rain stopped falling
150 days
Noah, his family, and the animals were in the Ark for nearly ____
a year
Dimensions of the Ark (5)
Width: 75ft Length: 450ft Height: 45ft Volume: 1,500,000 Area: 101,250
Number of generations between Adam and Noah
9 generations
__ number of each kind of “clean” animal on the Ark
__ number of each kind of bird on the Ark
__ number of each kind of “unclean” animal on the Ark
7;7;2
After the Flood, the ____ changed; there were seasons, rain, snow, and polar ice caps because the canopy was gone
Earth
The ratio of land: water before the Flood was probably about ____
1:1
The ratio of land: water since the Flood is about ____
3:7
______ decreased primarily because of the increased radiation
Life expectancy
In the years immediately after the Flood, ____ connected the continents and made population of the entire Earth possible
land bridges
Those connecting passages have since been submerged because of the increased oceanic water from melted ice once contained at the ____ and in ____
poles; glacial ice sheets
____ probably became extinct because their food supply is depleted
Dinosaurs
Earth changed very little between ____ and _____ because of the absence of forces to bring about those changes
Creation; Flood
The ____ layer of Earth’s crust is composed mostly of granite
sial
The ____ layer of Earth’s crust is composed mostly of basalt
sima
The ____ layer of Earth’s crust is under the continents and the oceans; the ____ layer forms the upper layer of crust on the continents
sima; sial
What is the magnitude of a great earthquake on a Richter scale?
8-9
What is the point at which an earthquake begins?
Focus
Area where one plate is sliding under another?
Subduction zone
What are the sections of Earth’s crust?
plates
Amount of energy released in an earthquake?
magnitude
What is the point of the surface above the focus?
epicenter
What is the activity on Earth’s plates?
plate tectonics
Area where plates are sliding past each other?
Transform vault
Area where plates are pulling apart?
Spreading zone
Breaking down of rocks?
weathering
Earth’s ____ is one factor that causes changes in the season
orbit around the sun
The other factor causing seasonal changes is Earth’s ____ on its ____
tilt; axis
Two factors causing seasonal changes on the Earth
- Earth’s orbit around the sun
2. Earth’s tilt on its axis
The ____ of any region has an effect on and is affected by the seasons and climate of that region
geography
If Earth’s axis were not ____, we would have all days and nights of equal length every day
tilted
A hemisphere is tilted ____ the sun and its days are ____ during the summer
towards; longer
On the ____ and the ____, day and night are the same length, and the sun is directly over the equator
spring equinox; autumnal equinox
On the ____ and the ____, the sun’s rays are at either their northernmost or southernmost point
summer solstice; winter solstice
The beginning of fall?
autumnal equinox
The beginning of winter?
winter solstice
The beginning of spring?
spring equinox
The beginning of summer?
summer solstice
The longest day of the year?
summer solstice
The shortest day of the year?
winter solstice
Name the 6 large landmasses
- North America
- South America
- Eurasia
- Africa
- Australia
- Antartica
September 22 or 23 for the Northern hemisphere and Southern hemisphere?
OPPOSITES
Northern: autumnal equinox
Southern: spring equinox
June 21 or 22 for the Northern hemisphere and Southern hemisphere?
OPPOSITES
Northern: summer solstice
Southern: winter solstice
March 20 or 21 for the Northern hemisphere and Southern hemisphere?
OPPOSITES
Northern: spring equinox
Southern: autumnal equinox
December 21 or 22 for the Northern hemisphere and Southern hemisphere?
OPPOSITES
Northern: winter solstice
Southern: summer solstice
Transporting of weathered materials?
erosion
weather conditions in an area during a long period of time?
Climate
state of atmosphere in an area during a short period of time?
weather
Two primary features of climate
precipitation and temperature
primary geographic variable affecting climate on a mountain with a constant average temperature
elevation
geographic variable that determines the amount of direct sunlight an area receives annually
latitude
an ocean stream or river
current
direction of currents in North Hemisphere
clockwise
direction of currents in South Hemisphere
counterclockwise
one of the largest ocean currents
Gulf Stream
moisture-laden area where trade winds of Northern and Southern Hemispheres meet
ITCZ; intertropical convergence zone
climates in which the ITCZ produces seasons
tropical
layer of permanently frozen ground
permafrost
largest hot desert
Sahara
coldest desert
Antarctica
driest desert
Atacama
a small variation within a climate region
microclimate
study of places; study of Earth’s surface
physical geography
study of relationships between people and their environments
human geography
Six geographic variables that affect temperature and precipitation in any area
- topography
- elevation
- ocean current
- prevailing winds
- distance from large bodies of water
- latitude
Areas with lower latitude probably have ____ temperatures than those with higher latitudes
hotter
Areas with lower elevation probably have ____ temperatures than those with higher elevation
hotter
Because the temperature of ____ changes more slowly, large bodies of water helps regulate temperatures of coastal areas
water
Coastal areas are usually cooler during ____ months, warmer during ____, and receive more ____ than areas farther inland
summer; winter; precipitation
The difference in the direction of ocean ____ is caused by the ____ of the Earth
current; rotation
____ affect climate by cooling the air as it passes over them, by blocking cold north winds, by forcing precipitation to fall, and because their slopes absorb and lose heat quickly
Mountains
The letters ITCZ stand for ____
Intertropical convergence zone
The ____ is an area of permanently frozen ocean
Arctic
____ is a principle that laws and processes operate essentially today as they always have
Uniformitarianism
Belief in uniformitarianism removes the necessity for a belief in the ____ and the belief in His intervention in ____
Creator; natural processes
We believe that ____ created the universe, and that a worldwide ____ completely changed Earth’s geography
God; Flood
These beliefs are based on the fact that these events are recorded in the ____ and on ____ we see in the universe
Bible; evidences
climate group with very little rainfall
arid
climate group with warm and cold seasons; also called temperate zone
mild & continental
climate group that is cold for most of the year
polar
climate group which elevation is the most important factor
high elevation
climate group which is found only in the Northern Hemisphere
continental
After the nine generations of history, Noah was the only ____ man
righteous
The Ark was very ____ and did not capsize, even in stormy weather
stable
A microclimate is ______
a small variation within a climate region
The orderliness of the universe is convincing ____ that it was created by an Intelligent Being
evidence
Evolution is a belief of faith that cannot be ______
proven by scientific methods
A catastrophic, worldwide Flood completely changed ____
Earth’s geography
What is the two types of tropical climate?
- Tropical wet
- Tropical wet and dry
What is the two types of dry climate?
- Arid
- Semiarid
What is the two types of marine west coast climate?
- Mediterranean
- Humid subtropical
What is the three types of continental climate?
- warm summer
- cool summer
- subarctic
What is the two types of tundra climate?
- tundra
- ice caps
What is the two types of high elevation climate?
- highlands
- uplands
The canopy provided what?
- a radiation filter
- a uniform climate
- an increased atmospheric pressure of Earth
