World Cities Flashcards
how do cites grow?
- rural to urban migration
- internal growth (high birth rate inside city)
how much does internal growth count for urban population growth compared to migration?
migration = 30%
internal = 60%
but then again migration does cause internal to grow because migrants young + fertile
what are push factors for rural people moving to urban areas?
- conflict
- poverty
- natural disasters
- crop failures
what are pull factors for rural people to want to move to urban areas?
- jobs
- healthcare
- education
- safety
what will the world population of people living in slums come to? (number)
1.5 billion!!!!! (one seventh of world population)
why do rural migrants move to cities if they know the quality of life is so bad for so many?
economic benefits in long run (jobs) outweigh standard of living
why do people living in rural areas still move to kenya?
well.. quality of life is better in urban kenya, but many migrants know they will end up in Nairobi slums, still has better opportunities
what is the infant mortality rate in Kibera, a slum in Nairobi?
106 (per 1000)
what is an example where rural-urban migration takes place heavily?
Mexico City!
where do the migrants come that go into mexico city?
poor farming states, south of the city, women aged 22, 500,000 people migrate into the city, women looking for low-skill job
what is unusual about the education of the mexican rural migrants?
rural migrants have avg. education of 9 yrs vs people in mexico city, only 7 years
why are megacities different?
- level of development: asia vs. africa
- type of migrants: young. vs. environmental refugees
- growth characteristics: migration vs internal growth
- planning: Chongquing planned
- rate of pop growth
- processes: different ones occurring in different cities
what are the 5 urban processes that may occur in a megacity?
- urban growth
- urban sprawl: uncontrolled = slums
- suburbanisation: gated communities
- counter-urbanisation: developed world
- reurbanisation: Asian city
Compare life in an immature, consolidating + maturing cities in the developing world
IMMATURE: Lagos Makoko: half slum built on wooden stilts CONSOLIDATING: Cairo Greater Cairo Wastewater Project = improve sewers MATURING: Sao Paulo Alphaville: gated community 30,000 safe
Give an example of a megacity in China
Chongquing - 4th largest in Chiina
on Yangste River (in land)
4 million inside city VS. 31 MILLION IN URBAN SPRAWL AREAS?!
economy grows by £7 million daily
avg. incomes are rising quickly
1,300 rural-urban migrants daily
growth planned by China Western Development Plan, relieve coastal zones
what is the difference between an immature, consolidating, maturing, and established city?
immature = slums, rich only in CBD consolidating = govn housing schemes, individuals improve own homes maturing = slums decline, middle class established = suburbanisation, counter-urbanisation
how is a world city defined?
judged on how worldy it is by how much influence it has
what 3 things determine how influential a world city can be?
- political influence: NYC, UN
- transport/communications: Heathrow airport
- economic power: TNCs
are there any ‘full’ megacities in the developing world? why?
NO - cities such as Cairo / Lagos not included as a world city because may have large populations but no political/economic/transport influence
What are 4 strategies to improve slum housing?
- Consolidation
- Eviction
- Tenure
- social housing
- Site / service
What is a pro + con to consolidating slums to improve conditions?
Pro: low cost
Con: takes decades
What is a pro/con to installing social housing as a solution to slum housing?
Pro: quick
Con: new housing may be too $$$
What is a pro/con to using eviction as a solution to slum housing?
Pro: immediate impact
Con: violent process
Why are growing cities in developing countries increasing unsustainable?
Poor health ; sanitation
Bad governance: lack of will
Poverty: underemployment
No housing: rapid growth & poverty
