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Geography U1 Human > Global Networks > Flashcards

Global Networks Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a Core?

A

most developed/ highly populated region of country, growth fed by labour from less developed regions

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2
Q

what are ‘switched-on’ places?

A

regions that are strongly connected to other places

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3
Q

name a ‘switched off’ place

A

Amazon rainforest indigenous people, never touched by outside world

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4
Q

how are networks built using technology?

A
  • Telephones: TNCs operate in diff countries at same time// telephone lines never built in Africa, using mobiles
  • Internet: staff work at home, firms employ workers living abroad // disney creates animated films using expects from different countries
  • Air Travel: faster + capacity, low cost // Airbus A380 = 550 passengers
  • GIS/GPS
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5
Q

what is a network?

A

an illustration/ model that shows how different places are linked together (e.g. london underground map)

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6
Q

what is a global hub?

A

term used to describe node in global networking of a place that is especially well connected

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7
Q

flows between global hubs are movements of what five things?

A
  • Money: international credit cards
  • Raw Materials: food, oil, minerals
  • Manufactured Goods/ Services: world trade worth 70 trillion dollars
  • Information: internet, Facebook
  • People: faces most obstacles, immigration laws
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8
Q

Considering the term ‘network’ countries over time become more…what?

A
  1. interconnected

2. interdependant

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9
Q

how do countries become more interconnected over time?

A

trade, migration flows increased

encouraged by tech + political decisions to open boarders

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10
Q

how do countries become more interdependent over time?

A

separate countries impact each other more, if a firm in one nation goes bust, then the workers in the branch plants abroad lose their jobs also

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11
Q

How has easyJet grown over time into a TNC?

A
  • 1995, UK internal flights
  • year later, flights to Barcelona
  • today = 300 flight routes Europe
  • 2005, flights outside EU
  • 1998 = bought 40% Swiss air company, TEA Basel AG, base in Geneva
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12
Q

how did technology help easyJet to grow?

A
  • first airline to embrace internet
  • 95% flights purchased on internet
  • 2006: revenues £2billion from profits
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13
Q

How are places that easyJet add to its flight network impacted? (pros + cons)

A 
Pros:
- Tallin, Estonia
- more 'switched on' in 2004, £40 flights from Uk
- stag /hen weekend hotspot
- money from tourism increased in Tallin
Cons:
- bad behaviour + STDs from tourists
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14
Q

how do natural resources help global hubs develop?

A

appealing natural qualities…

  • oil reserves
  • coastline = trade ships
  • minerals & small relief = good industry location
  • strategic positioning = investment
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15
Q

how do human resources help global hubs to develop?

A

appealing human resources…

  • large labour force
  • skilled labour - Uni’s
  • spoken languages - call hubs India
  • affluence
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16
Q

give an example of a Technopole

A

Silicon Valley - California

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17
Q

what is the positive impact that global hubs have on local firms/businesses?

A
  1. Multiplier Effect:
    Positive impacts of a branch plant = firms gain profit by supplying parts to car => increased spending power workers =» service sector benefits
  2. Cumulative Causation: wealth concentrated
  3. Cluster: connected firms/suppliers in on area
18
Q

give an example of a business Cluster

A

London - clusters of TV production companies + Uni’s w/ media courses

19
Q

what happens in the global hub of Beijing?

A
  • parent companies of TNCs make subsidiary firms
  • form alliances with local companies
  • govn established export processing zone: remove export/import tariffs
20
Q

what is an example of a parent company of a TNC making a subsidiary firm?

A

Cadbury London headquarters make Cadbury Mumbia, India

21
Q

why are global hubs important to a whole region?

A

core areas for development of the whole countries economy

22
Q

what is the effect of a export processing zone being established?

A
  • attract foreign TNCs
  • make flows of goods, money, workers easier
  • low tax rates + no tariffs
23
Q

how have global hubs impacted now nations which industrialised first over time?

A

wealth had time to Trickle Down from core to periphery rural areas so whole nation benefits economically

24
Q

what is an example of an MIC that is not yet a HIC despite having global hubs present?

A

Brazil/ SAfrica - despite - Sao Paulo / Johannesburg

25
Q

how has globalisation negatively affected MICs?

A

increased regional/social disparities even more

26
Q

what is an example of social + regional disparity in an MIC as a result of globalisation?

A

Nigeria
Lagos elites = wealthy from oil
Ogoni poor = oil extracted from their lands, no benefits

27
Q

what can distort figures of average wealth representative of a whole population

A

Billionaires - 70 in Asia

28
Q

in what small ways may switched off places experience the world economy?

A
  • subsistence farmers rely on food aid from NGOs

- farmers grow products for TNCs: flower growers of Kenya Lake Naivasha

29
Q

why might some of the poorest place be switched off?

A

lack a global hub

lack strong flows of trade / investment

30
Q

why don’t the flower growers in Kenya create economical benefits to Lake Naivasha?

A
  1. global surplus/overproduction of flowers
  2. cash crops undervalued by TNC
  3. low wages
  4. no spending power
  5. no local multiplier effect
31
Q

Why don’t TNCs see potential selling markets in LDCs?

A
  • low incomes
  • poverty
  • in debt to IMF
32
Q

what are the 4 human reasons why places remain switched off?

A
  • politically isolated (North Korea)
  • civil war (Congo)
  • no skills/literacy =deters investors (Somalia)
  • fighting over resources: ‘resource curse’
33
Q

in what country is there infighting over resources?

A

Sudan

34
Q

what country is politically isolated?

A

north korea

35
Q

in which country is there a particular lack of skills and literacy rates?

A

somalia

36
Q

what are 4 physical reasons why places remain switched off?

A
  • vulnerable to climate change
  • vulnerable to natural hazards (Mozambique)
  • poor resources for agriculture
  • physical isolation/lack of coastline (Niger)
37
Q

what country is vulnerable to natural hazards + climate change, deterring investors?

A

Mozambique

38
Q

Why does Niger have little interest from investors seeking an export/import base?

A

physically isolated + no coastline

39
Q

how much of the worlds wealth does the richest 1% own?

A

40% of world wealth

40
Q

how much of the worlds wealth does the poorest 50% own?

A

only 1% of worlds wealth

Geography U1 Human (7 decks)

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