Global Networks Flashcards
what is a Core?
most developed/ highly populated region of country, growth fed by labour from less developed regions
what are ‘switched-on’ places?
regions that are strongly connected to other places
name a ‘switched off’ place
Amazon rainforest indigenous people, never touched by outside world
how are networks built using technology?
- Telephones: TNCs operate in diff countries at same time// telephone lines never built in Africa, using mobiles
- Internet: staff work at home, firms employ workers living abroad // disney creates animated films using expects from different countries
- Air Travel: faster + capacity, low cost // Airbus A380 = 550 passengers
- GIS/GPS
what is a network?
an illustration/ model that shows how different places are linked together (e.g. london underground map)
what is a global hub?
term used to describe node in global networking of a place that is especially well connected
flows between global hubs are movements of what five things?
- Money: international credit cards
- Raw Materials: food, oil, minerals
- Manufactured Goods/ Services: world trade worth 70 trillion dollars
- Information: internet, Facebook
- People: faces most obstacles, immigration laws
Considering the term ‘network’ countries over time become more…what?
- interconnected
2. interdependant
how do countries become more interconnected over time?
trade, migration flows increased
encouraged by tech + political decisions to open boarders
how do countries become more interdependent over time?
separate countries impact each other more, if a firm in one nation goes bust, then the workers in the branch plants abroad lose their jobs also
How has easyJet grown over time into a TNC?
- 1995, UK internal flights
- year later, flights to Barcelona
- today = 300 flight routes Europe
- 2005, flights outside EU
- 1998 = bought 40% Swiss air company, TEA Basel AG, base in Geneva
how did technology help easyJet to grow?
- first airline to embrace internet
- 95% flights purchased on internet
- 2006: revenues £2billion from profits
How are places that easyJet add to its flight network impacted? (pros + cons)
Pros: - Tallin, Estonia - more 'switched on' in 2004, £40 flights from Uk - stag /hen weekend hotspot - money from tourism increased in Tallin Cons: - bad behaviour + STDs from tourists
how do natural resources help global hubs develop?
appealing natural qualities…
- oil reserves
- coastline = trade ships
- minerals & small relief = good industry location
- strategic positioning = investment
how do human resources help global hubs to develop?
appealing human resources…
- large labour force
- skilled labour - Uni’s
- spoken languages - call hubs India
- affluence
give an example of a Technopole
Silicon Valley - California
what is the positive impact that global hubs have on local firms/businesses?
- Multiplier Effect:
Positive impacts of a branch plant = firms gain profit by supplying parts to car => increased spending power workers =» service sector benefits - Cumulative Causation: wealth concentrated
- Cluster: connected firms/suppliers in on area
give an example of a business Cluster
London - clusters of TV production companies + Uni’s w/ media courses
what happens in the global hub of Beijing?
- parent companies of TNCs make subsidiary firms
- form alliances with local companies
- govn established export processing zone: remove export/import tariffs
what is an example of a parent company of a TNC making a subsidiary firm?
Cadbury London headquarters make Cadbury Mumbia, India
why are global hubs important to a whole region?
core areas for development of the whole countries economy
what is the effect of a export processing zone being established?
- attract foreign TNCs
- make flows of goods, money, workers easier
- low tax rates + no tariffs
how have global hubs impacted now nations which industrialised first over time?
wealth had time to Trickle Down from core to periphery rural areas so whole nation benefits economically
what is an example of an MIC that is not yet a HIC despite having global hubs present?
Brazil/ SAfrica - despite - Sao Paulo / Johannesburg
