On the Move

Question 1

what are illegal migrants?

Answer 1

people who avoid boarder + immigration controls

Question 2

what is lee’s push + pull migration model?

Answer 2

Shows push + pull factors of migration

Question 3

what may be intervening obstacles for migration?

Answer 3

not speaking spanish, too expensive, family pressure to stay, boarder control, Mexico into USA

Question 4

what are pull factors to migrate?

Answer 4

better weather, many british already live in spain, cheaper housing

Question 5

what are push factors to migrate?

Answer 5

civil war, bad weather, rising crime

Question 6

what percentage of the population were foreign born in 2007 in the UK?

Answer 6

8%

Question 7

what happened after WW2 in the UK that strengthened migration patterns today?

Answer 7

soldiers from Caribbean stayed, joined by families, economic migrants India / Jamaica = fill labour shortages

Question 8

How did the Balkans war in the 90s increase immigration to the UK?

Answer 8

Croatians push factors of civil war + conflict = move to England

Question 9

what costs do African illegal immigrants face in the EU?

Answer 9

• being caught leads to deportation

- must pay trafficker as much as $4000

Question 10

what dangers do african illegal immigrants face in their journey to the EU?

Answer 10

• sahara route dangerous, bandits,
• ## dangerous boats/overcrowded

Question 11

how many illegal african immigrants are currently living in Europe?

Answer 11

around 4-8 million

Question 12

why did Malta, Italy, suffer so much from 1,700 illegal Libyan migrants coming?

Answer 12

their population was so small, 400,000

Question 13

why could’t Maltese patrol boats turn the Libyan illegal immigrants back?

Answer 13

EU law binds them to help, must be detained for 18 months

Question 14

Why is Malta concerned with the rising numbers of Libyan illegal immigrants coming to them?

Answer 14

might become ‘trapped’ on island, deplete resources

Question 15

why has concern been expressed about the amount of asylum seekers immigrating to Europe?

Answer 15

many are actually economic migrants, deplete resources because process to find true identity takes 18 months

Question 16

describe net migration within Europe?

Answer 16

• increased as EU expanded, 2004: 10 new members
• germany, france, uk = positive net migration
• spain, italy, cyprus highest net migration = sunseekers

Question 17

how have the EU encouraged internal migration over time?

Answer 17

• Schengen Agreement 1995 removed boarder controls

- UK signed agreement in 2004 with Bulgaria / Romania

Question 18

what is the benefit of the Schengen Agreement in 1995 to unemployed?

Answer 18

• EU labour can move to where demand for it is

Question 19

what is the cost of the Schengen agreement in 1995?

Answer 19

immigrants from outside Europe, once in its boarders, can move to others with ease

Question 20

where is the hotspot for eastern european farm working immigrants in the uk?

Answer 20

Herefordshire - 8100

SAWs - seasonal agricultural workers

Question 21

what are the problems with migrants in Herefordshire?

Answer 21

• discrimination
• lang barriers
• pressure on doctors as migrants register with GPs

Question 22

how is Hammersmith in London affected by immigrants?

Answer 22

• Polish shops
• wages low but better than in Poland
• 4.5% immigrants unemployed

Question 23

what statistics show that many british have migrated to Spain?

Answer 23

• 1.8 million houses owned by foregiers
• 60% migrants over 45
• 600,000 british

Question 24

why do British pensioners migrate to Spain, what are the pull factors?

Answer 24

• climate
• cheaper property
• internet = keep in touch with family
• cheap airlines, easyJet // Ryanair

Question 25

what are costs of migration into Spain, on Spain?

Answer 25

• lack of elderly care
• ethnic enclaves, retirement communities, no integration
• inflates prices for locals
• coastal development = destroys coastal beauty

Question 26

what are the economic benefits of migration on the host country?

Answer 26

• balance ageing pop w/ young migrants

- migrants add £12 billion in tax

Question 27

what are the economic costs of migration on the host country?

Answer 27

• low skilled migrants = training

- take jobs from locals

Question 28

what are the economic benefits of migration on the source country?

Answer 28

• send remittances back home
• new skills learnt to use in source country when return
• more job opportunities

Question 29

what are the economic costs of migration on the source country?

Answer 29

• dependancy on remittances

- slow economic growth

Question 30

what is a social benefit of migration on the host country?

Answer 30

• multicultural societies

Question 31

what are social costs of migration on the host country?

Answer 31

• lang barriers (cost educating translators)

- ‘parallel communities’ = no integration

Question 32

what are the environmental costs of migration on the host country?

Answer 32

• urban pollution + sprawl

- congestion traffic

Question 33

what are the social costs of migration on the source country?

Answer 33

• families break-up

- culture of emigration passed down through generations, becomes traditional

Question 34

what policies have the UK govn put in place to slow immigration?

Answer 34

• ‘life in UK test’ - must pass
• only accepts genuine asylum seekers
• worker registration scheme = low skill jobs filled
• ‘5 tier’ point system for non EU immigrants