On the Move Flashcards
what are illegal migrants?
people who avoid boarder + immigration controls
what is lee’s push + pull migration model?
Shows push + pull factors of migration
what may be intervening obstacles for migration?
not speaking spanish, too expensive, family pressure to stay, boarder control, Mexico into USA
what are pull factors to migrate?
better weather, many british already live in spain, cheaper housing
what are push factors to migrate?
civil war, bad weather, rising crime
what percentage of the population were foreign born in 2007 in the UK?
8%
what happened after WW2 in the UK that strengthened migration patterns today?
soldiers from Caribbean stayed, joined by families, economic migrants India / Jamaica = fill labour shortages
How did the Balkans war in the 90s increase immigration to the UK?
Croatians push factors of civil war + conflict = move to England
what costs do African illegal immigrants face in the EU?
- being caught leads to deportation
- must pay trafficker as much as $4000
what dangers do african illegal immigrants face in their journey to the EU?
- sahara route dangerous, bandits,
- ## dangerous boats/overcrowded
how many illegal african immigrants are currently living in Europe?
around 4-8 million
why did Malta, Italy, suffer so much from 1,700 illegal Libyan migrants coming?
their population was so small, 400,000
why could’t Maltese patrol boats turn the Libyan illegal immigrants back?
EU law binds them to help, must be detained for 18 months
Why is Malta concerned with the rising numbers of Libyan illegal immigrants coming to them?
might become ‘trapped’ on island, deplete resources
why has concern been expressed about the amount of asylum seekers immigrating to Europe?
many are actually economic migrants, deplete resources because process to find true identity takes 18 months
describe net migration within Europe?
- increased as EU expanded, 2004: 10 new members
- germany, france, uk = positive net migration
- spain, italy, cyprus highest net migration = sunseekers
how have the EU encouraged internal migration over time?
- Schengen Agreement 1995 removed boarder controls
- UK signed agreement in 2004 with Bulgaria / Romania
what is the benefit of the Schengen Agreement in 1995 to unemployed?
- EU labour can move to where demand for it is
what is the cost of the Schengen agreement in 1995?
immigrants from outside Europe, once in its boarders, can move to others with ease
where is the hotspot for eastern european farm working immigrants in the uk?
Herefordshire - 8100
SAWs - seasonal agricultural workers
what are the problems with migrants in Herefordshire?
- discrimination
- lang barriers
- pressure on doctors as migrants register with GPs
how is Hammersmith in London affected by immigrants?
- Polish shops
- wages low but better than in Poland
- 4.5% immigrants unemployed
what statistics show that many british have migrated to Spain?
- 1.8 million houses owned by foregiers
- 60% migrants over 45
- 600,000 british
why do British pensioners migrate to Spain, what are the pull factors?
- climate
- cheaper property
- internet = keep in touch with family
- cheap airlines, easyJet // Ryanair
