Globalisation Flashcards
Define Globalisation
describes the way cultures are ever more closely linked/connected
how are countries connected historically?
- trade: especially after America discovered in 1442
- colonialism: end of 1800s UK controlled 1/4 world
- cooperation: since WW1 international organisations like UN
is modern globalisation different to historical ties?
- lengthening: Fiji water to UK 16,000km
2. deepening: to other places in more areas of our lives
explain how economic growth affects globalisation
economic growth in area = pop increase in area = natural increase in pop, birth/death rate
explain how globalisation affects population in urban areas
more international, internal migration, and economic migrants move into urban areas because of economic growth in area =»> globalisation concentrates wealth in certain areas
what part of an urban area may be attractive to an economic migrant
businesses set up factories / offices in major cities
how to rural areas modernising also affect mass migration movements?
mechanisation of farming reduces job opportunities, exacerbating rural-to-urban migration
what stopped migration movements in the past
- intervening obstacles: political barriers
how has globalisation broken intervening obstacles from preventing migration flows?
EU - 2004 - 650,000 Poles gained UK work permits
how can intervening opportunities interrupt migration flows?
polish migrants heading to Ireland via London may never get to Ireland cuz find jobs in London
what changes in population of most countries experienced since the industrial revolution?
falling death & birth rate due to better healthcare, education and nutrition
what has accompanied economic growth in the past? give UK & India example
population growth - Uk, first to industrialise, 5 mill in 1750 vs. 40mill in 1900
India’s pop expected to increase to 1.5 bill by 2030
why does rapid population growth occur?
- death rates lower, modern medicine, but birth rates don’t
- ‘time lag’: not yet established economic and cultural benefits of no children
why does the EU experience virtually no populate growth?
birth rates lowered same as death rates, africa experiences pop growth because kids beneficial in aiding parents when older and working
how do TNC’s increase connectivity globally?
Globally recognised brans, Coca-cola, McDonalds, BBC, brought cultural + economic changes where products made + consumes
how has transport increased connectivity globally?
Boeing 747 1960s = available
Ryanair / easyJet = cheap
more containerised shipping of goods (Amazon worldwide shipping)
How have computers + technology increased connectivity globally?
- affect where businesses operate/locate
- CAM & CAD = less human labour = footloose
- Skype = TNCs can expand globally
how do international organisations increase connectivity globally?
- IMF 1945, loans from rich to poor
- poor govn’s create free market economies = TNC’s enter more easily
what is a controversial side to the IMF?
SAPs - cut down funding on education, water, healthcare in poor countries, Tanzania = water
how do NGO’s and the WTO have transglobal influence?
NGOs= Oxfam, Christian Aid, connect through flows of aid/debt relief
what is a case study that proves the UK is very globalised?
Christmas: lunch travels 130,000km - turkey: thailand - wine: NZ - beans: zambia 2005 Roboraptor £80 Dongguan, 'Santa's Workshop', China, cheap labour, 1.5 million Roboraptors, workforce doubled from 3000 - 7000, rural migrant workforce, Recycle Now Org = 1bill cards sent back to China recycling
why don’t Londoners buy local produce for Christmas lunch?
more expensive, TNC’s manufacturing in countries w/ cheap labour + efficient transport systems = cheaper
how do the international elite have free access to globalisation?
- financial resources/ socially powerful = few obstacles to move
- 200,000 Americans in UK
- global citizens
why has rural to urban migration increased dramatically in recent years?
3 billion live in urban areas
- TV/radio: knowledge of urban spreads to rural = young migrants persuaded
- Foreign Direct Investment: TNCs in urban = job opps for rural peeps
