Working With The Command Line Interface Flashcards
1
Q
The tool that interprets input
A
Shell/Command Line Interpreter
2
Q
Default Windows shell
A
Command
3
Q
Default shell for macOS and most Linux distros
A
Bash
4
Q
Command line in macOS and Ubuntu Linux that operate almost identically because both are based on UNIX
A
Terminal
5
Q
Older command that gives the user root access
A
su
6
Q
Command that gives the user root access
A
sudo
7
Q
A unique method of binary organization
A
File Format
8
Q
Linux command that displays the user’s current path
A
pwd
9
Q
An extra letter or number that modifies a command
A
Switch/Option
10
Q
The proper way to write a command
A
Syntax
11
Q
Command that shows you the contents of the working directory
A
dir (Win)/ls (macOS/Linux)
12
Q
Command that shows the contents of the working directory one screen at a time in which hitting spacebar shows the next screen
A
dir /p (pause)
13
Q
macOS and Linux version of dir/p
A
ls | more
14
Q
Sends the output of a command through another command; works in all three OSes
A
(pipe)
15
Q
Lists the creation date, creation time, file size in bytes, filename, and extension
A
dir entries for files
16
Q
Lists the creation date, creation time, to tell you it is a folder, and the folder name
A
dir entries for folders
17
Q
Command that changes the directory focus and works in every OS but uses \ for Win and / for macOS and Linux
A
cd command
18
Q
Switch that moves the focus up one level when navigating from the command line
A
.. option/switch
19
Q
Moved you to another drive in Windows
A
(Letter and a colon)
20
Q
Since macOS stores everything in folders, look in the /Volumes folder
A
Moving between drives in macOS
21
Q
Since Linux stores everything in folders, look in the /mnt folder for drives and /media/ folder for removable media
A
Moving between drives in Linux
22
Q
Command that makes a directory. Once Windows executed the command, it won’t show what it did.
A
md (Win)/mkdir(all OSes) command
23
Q
Command that removed a directory. The command will not delete a directory if the directory has any files or subdirectories
A
rd (Win)/rmdir (all OSes)
24
Q
Removes a directory and its contents
A
rd /s
25
Files with extensions .exe and .com in Windows
Programs
26
Command typed in front of an executable that makes Linux run it
./
27
One of two special characters (* and ?) that you can use in place of all or part of a filename, often so that a command-line command will act on more than one file at a time. Use * to replace the part of the file that you don’t care about
Wildcard
28
Command used to delete files.
del (Win)/rm (macOS and Linux)
29
Will not delete directories
del
30
Will delete directories if the “-r” switch is added
rm
31
Command to duplicate a file to another directory
copy (Win)/cp (macOS and Linux)
32
Command to change the location of a file
move (Win)/mv (macOS and Linux)
33
Command that functions similarly to copy but has extra switches that gives it the power to work with multiple directories
xcopy command
34
Command with switch that moves all subdirectories except for empty ones
xcopy /s
35
Command with switch that moves all empty subdirectories
xcopy /e
36
Command that is an add-on tool for Windows Server to enable techs to manage files and folders more quickly and efficiently than with xcopy or copy. Copies encrypted files and will continue at the spot it stopped at if interrupted
robocopy/Robust File Copy command
37
Command with switch that tells robocopy to copy everything from the source and make the destination mirror it IE delete anything in the destination that doesn’t match the source folders and files
robocopy /mir
38
Command that scans, detects, and repairs file system issues and errors
chkdsk command
39
Command and switch that attempts to fix file system-related errors
chkdsk /f
40
Command and switch that attempts to locate and repair bad sectors
chkdsk /r
41
Command that enables you to format volumes from the command line
Format command
42
Command that displays the name of the computer
hostname command
43
Define various security settings for Windows systems, such as password complexity, logon attempts, and permissions for users to install software
Group Policies
44
Command that forces a workstation to update to new group policies
gpupdate
45
Command that shows an overview (detailed or summary) of all security policies applied to a single user or computer
gpresult command
46
Command that scans, detects, and restores important Windows system files, folders, and paths. If it finds issues, it will attempt to replace corrupted or missing files from cached DLLs (backup of system files) located in the Windows\System32\Dllcache\ directory
sfc/System File Checker command
47
Command that turns a computer off (or reboots it)
shutdown command
48
Special key that brings back the previous command one letter at a time
F1
49
Special key that brings back the entire previous command at once
F3
50
A powerful replacement for the traditional Windows Command shell
PowerShell
51
A series of more powerful tools than the standard commands
cmdlets
52
cmdlet that tells the command to fetch the file type indicated next
-Include
53
cmdlet that means go into every subdirectory
-Recurse
54
cmdlet that retrieves hidden and system files
-Force
55
Command that enables you to view and change the settings for your network connections in macOS and Linux (though not the preferred tool for Linux)
ifconfig command
56
Linux replacement for ifconfig that can do everything ifconfig does and more
ip command
57
eth0, eth1, en0, en1, and so on
Wired Ethernet NICs
58
wlan0, wlan1, and so on
Wireless 902.11 NICs
59
Loopback
lo
60
Command that enables you to view and change the wireless settings
iwconfig command
61
macOS and Linux command that shows you the processes running on the system
ps command
62
ps command with three switches: a=processes for all users, u=show process owner, x=process not attached to a terminal
ps aux
63
Command that enables you to search through text files or command output to find specific information or to filter out unneeded info
grep command
64
A number of different tools that give you the ability to download and fully install and update software from a single command
Package Managers
65
Package management system for Debian Linux-based distributions (like Ubuntu and Mint)
APT/Advanced Packaging Tool
66
The command line tool for APT to install programs in which you must know the name of the package you want to install
apt-get
67
Command that updates its package index, the list of all available packages (software)
apt-get update
68
The default text editor, built in to macOS and most Linux distros
vi
69
Mode in vi text editor that allows you to insert and edit text. Hit I key to go from Command to this
Insert mode
70
Mode in vi text editor that allows you to give commands such as cut, paste, delete line or characters, and save the file. Default mode. Escape key to go from Insert to this
Command Mode
71
macOS and Linux command primarily used to create an exact, bit-by-bit image of any form of block storage, meaning mass storage devices such as hard drive volumes, thumb drives, and optical media
dd command
72
Command that enables you to change your password or, if logged in as root (the super user), any user’s password
passwd command
73
A small program used to help automate computing tasks
Script
74
A kind of programming
Scripting
75
A type of programming language optimized for writing scripts
Scripting language
76
The shell scripting language for the old-school Command shell on Windows and DOS
Batch file/.bat
77
A shell scripting language written from the ground up for automating modern Windows systems. Replaces batch files in almost all situations
PowerShell/.ps1
78
By convention, the first line of a UNIX shell script file specifies which shell should execute the script (and thus, which shell scripting language it is written in). These files often have a .sh file extension, but it is not necessary
UNIX shell script/.sh
79
A flexible programming language with simple syntax that makes it well suited for writing both simple scripts and large apps
Python/.py
80
A browser scripting language developed back in the 90s to enhance Web pages, but these days you can find it in command-line programs, extensions for many desktop apps, and much more
JavaScript/.js
81
A legacy scripting language for Windows and other Microsoft apps. Slowly being replaced by other languages like PowerShell
Visual Basic Script/.vbs
82
A defined category, like number or word
Data type
83
A number
Integer data type
84
A sequence of characters, usually identified with single or double quotes surrounding it
String data type
85
In a scripting or programming language, is a named value or thing
Variable
86
Tools to control commands
Control Constructs
87
Control constructs that enable you to specify code that should run only when some condition is or isn’t met. Some languages use keywords like “if”
Conditionals
88
A kind of conditional that tells the computer to run the code over and over until the condition is or isn’t met. Some languages use keywords like “for” and “while”
Basic loops
89
Special text in scripting and programming languages that helps anyone reading the script later (including the writer) understand what’s going on
Comment
90
Symbol that is used in the PowerShell, Python, and UNIX shells that start a comment
symbol
91
System data such as the date and time, currently logged-in users, running OS version, and more. Scripts and programs on a system often use these variables to tailor their behavior to the system’s capabilities and configuration
Environment Variables
