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IT A+ Vocab 1002 > Local Area Network > Flashcards

Local Area Network Flashcards

1
Q

Software that takes the incoming data received by the network card, keeps it organized, sends it to the app that needs it, and then takes outgoing data from the app and hands it to the NIC to be sent out over the network

A

Network Protocol Software

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2
Q

Group of simple protocols

A

Protocol Stack/Suite

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3
Q

The primary protocol of most modern networks, including the Internet

A

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

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4
Q

Identifies the node and the network on which it resides in a TCP/IP network. Unique identification number for your system on the network

A

IP address

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5
Q

Internet standard protocol that provides a common layer over dissimilar networks; used to move packets among host computers and through gateways if necessary. Part of the TCP/IP protocol suite. Uses the dotted-decimal format - x.x.x.x. where x represents an 8-bit binary number (0 - 255)

A

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)

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6
Q

Portion of the IP address that identifies the network

A

Network ID

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7
Q

Portion of the IP address that identifies the local computer

A

Host ID

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8
Q

A value used by the NIC to distinguish which part of the IP address identifies the network ID and which part of the address identifies the host. It blocks out/masks the network portion of an IP address

A

Subnet Mask

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9
Q

Every computer on a single LAN must have the ______ network ID and a ______ host ID

A

Same, seprate

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10
Q

When two computers have the same IP address, they won’t be able to talk to each other and other computers won’t know where to send data

A

IP Conflict

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11
Q

In a TCP/IP network, the nearest router to a particular host. This router’s IP address is part of the necessary TCP/IP configuration for communicating with multiple networks using IP

A

Default Gateway

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12
Q

TCP/IP name resolution system that translates a host name into an IP address. Uses UDP port 53

A

Domain Name Service (DNS)

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13
Q

Special computers that keep databases of IP addresses and their corresponding names

A

DNS Servers

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14
Q

Protocol that enables client hosts to request and receive TCP/IP settings automatically from an appropriately configured server. Uses UDP ports 67, 68

A

Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)

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15
Q

Manually set IP address that will not change

A

Static IP Addressing

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16
Q

Connection-oriented protocol used with TCP/IP. Gets an app’s data from one machine to another reliably and completely

A

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

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17
Q

Connectionless protocol used with TCP/IP. Works best when you have a lot of data to send that doesn’t need to be perfect or when the systems are so close to each other that the chances of a problem occurring are too small to bother worrying about. Faster than TCP

A

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

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18
Q

Services such as HTTP or SSH that run atop TCP/IP

A

TCP/IP Services

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19
Q

Extremely fast protocol used for network file transfers in the WWW environment. Uses port 80

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

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20
Q

Terminal emulation program similar to Telnet, except that the entire connection is encrypted

A

Secure Shell (SSH)

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21
Q

Provides a really great way to see if you can talk to another system

A

“ping” command

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22
Q

Windows offers this command-line tool for a quick glance at your network settings

A

“ipconfig” command

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23
Q

Command that shows all of your TCP/IP settings. Latter is the command for macOS and Linux

A

“ipconfig /all” or “ifconfig” command

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24
Q

Get a new IP address

A

“ipconfig /renew”

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25
Q

Give up the current IP address

A

“ipconfig /release”

26
Q

Command that is a powerful command-line program that enables you to determine exactly what information the DNS server is giving you about a specific host name

A

“nslookup” command

27
Q

Utilities that show the route that a packet takes to get to its destination

A

“tracert” (Windows) or “traceroute” (macOS, Linux)

28
Q

“tracert ”

A

tracert syntax

29
Q

Modern OS support these (Windows for former, other OSes for latter) that automatically assigns an IP address to the system when the client cannot obtain an IP address automatically

A

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)/zeroconf

30
Q

Protocol in which addresses consist of eight sets of four hexadecimal numbers, each number being a value between 0000 and ffff, using a colon to separate the numbers

A

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)

31
Q

IPv6’s equivalent to APIPA/zeroconf address. The first 64 bits are always fe80

A

Link-Local Address

32
Q

Second 64 bits of a link-local address which is generated in two ways: every current OS generates a 64-bit random number and very old OSes (like XP and Windows Server 2003) used the device’s MAC address to create a 64-bit number

A

Interface ID

33
Q

A 64-bit number created using the device’s MAC address on older OSes like Windows XP and Windows Server 2003

A

Extended Unique Identifier, 64-bit (EUL-64)

34
Q

Systems use these to determine whether to send packets to a local MAC address or to the default gateway to send the packets out to the Internet. None are longer than 64 bits (/64) since the last 64-bits of an IPv6 are generated by the NIC. The five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) pass out /48 prefixes to big ISPs and end users who need large allotments

A

IPv6 Prefix Lengths

35
Q

A second IPv6 address that a system needs to get on the Internet. The most common way to get one is to request it from the default gateway router which must be configured to pass out global IPv6 addresses

A

Global Unicast Address/Global Address

36
Q

Message sent out when you plug a computer into a network looking for a router. Uses the address ff02:2

A

Router Solicitation (RS)

37
Q

Message sent by the router that tells the computer its network ID and subnet (together called the prefix) and DNS server (if configured)

A

Router Advertisement (RA)

38
Q

Address that is read only by other computers running IPv6 in the network. Different from broadcast address. IPv6 doesn’t have broadcast addresses, only these

A

Multicast Address

39
Q

Mode that all modern NICs run that allows sending and receiving data at the same time

A

Full-Duplex Mode

40
Q

Mode that allows sending and receiving data but not at the same time

A

Half-Duplex Mode

41
Q

Feature that the vast majority of NICs and switches use to accommodate very old devices that might attach to the network and need to run in half-duplex mode

A

Autosensing

42
Q

LED status indicators that give information about the state of the NIC’s link to whatever is on the other end of the connection

A

Link Lights

43
Q

LED that turns on when the card detects network traffic, so it makes an intermittent flickering when operating properly

A

Activity Light

44
Q

Feature that allows you to turn on or wake up a powered-down or sleeping PC. Handy when you want to wake up one or more computers that you aren’t physically near

A

Wake-On LAN

45
Q

Router feature used to prioritize access to network resources. Ensures certain users, apps, or services are prioritized when there isn’t enough bandwidth to go around by limiting the bandwidth for certain types of data based on app protocol, the IP address of a computer, and all sorts of other features

A

Quality of Service (QoS)

46
Q

Offer a lot of extra features that modern networks use to provide added security and efficiency. They have an IP address that you can use to configure the options

A

Managed Switch

47
Q

A smart, automatic device that doesn’t do much more than connecting devices

A

Unmanaged Switch

49
Q

Permissions that only apply to network sharing

A

Share Permissions

50
Q

Permissions that affect both network and local access to shared resources

A

NTFS Permissions

51
Q

The most basic and simplistic of the three network organizations. The default for almost every fresh installation of Windows. Lack centralized control over the network; all systems connected to the network are equals

A

Workgroups

52
Q

A network organization that centralizes user accounts, passwords, and access to resources

A

Domain

53
Q

A computer running Windows Server that stores a set of domain accounts in a Windows domain

A

Domain Controller

54
Q

A process where anyone with a domain account to log on to any computer in the domain with a single account. User authentication through the single domain account enables access to all machines on the domain

A

Single Sign-On

55
Q

The Active Directory folder where all the built-in domain groups are stored, such as Domain Administration and Users

A

Builtin

56
Q

The Active Directory folder where every system from servers to workstations are listed

A

Computers

57
Q

Sends data out of the NIC and checks to see if it comes back. A special test that is often included with NICs that come with diagnostic software

A

Loopback Test

58
Q

The generic term for two separate devices that are used together

A

Toner

59
Q

Connects to the cable using alligator clips, tiny hooks, or a network jack and it sends an electrical signal along the wire at a certain frequency

A

Tone Generator

60
Q

Emits a sound when it is placed near a cable connected to the tone generator

A

Tone Probe

61
Q

Command that enables you to view a network quickly from the command-line. Works great when plugging into a network for the first time and don’t know the names of other computers on that network

A

“net” command

62
Q

A command-line method for mapping network shares

A

“net use” command

63
Q

Windows 7/8/8.1 (and early versions of 10). Connects a group or computers using a common password - no special user names required. Requires the IPv6 protocol. Each computer can only be connected to one at a time

A

HomeGroup

IT A+ Vocab 1002 (15 decks)

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