Troubleshooting OSes

Question 1

The installation program for Windows

Answer 1

Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE/Windows PE)

Question 2

A special set of tools in the Windows setup that enables you to access troubleshooting and repair features

Answer 2

Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE/Windows RE)

Question 3

A one-stop, do-it-all troubleshooting option that performs a number of boot repairs automatically

Answer 3

Startup Repair

Question 4

Utility in Windows that enables you to return your PC to a recent working configuration when something goes wrong. It enables you to select a restore point and then returns the computer’s system settings to the way they were at that restore point - all without affecting your personal files or e-mail

Answer 4

System Restore

Question 5

Tool that restores a system after a catastrophe using a default image containing the OS settings, network settings, and apps

Answer 5

System Image Recovery

Question 6

Command that is a WinRE troubleshooting and repair tool that repairs the master boot record, boot sector, OR BCD store

Answer 6

bootrec command

Question 7

Rebuilds the boot sector for the active system partition

Answer 7

bootrec /fixboot

Question 8

Rebuilds the master boot record for the system partition

Answer 8

bootrec /fixmbr

Question 9

Looks for Windows installations not currently in the BCD store and shows you the results without doing anything

Answer 9

bootrec /scanos

Question 10

Looks for Windows installations not currently in the BCD store and gives you the choice of adding them to the BCD store

Answer 10

bootrec :rebuildmbr

Question 11

A tool that shows how Windows boots; shows the boot options when run by itself

Answer 11

bcedit

Question 12

Section of bcedit that describes the location of bootmgr

Answer 12

Windows Boot Manager

Question 13

Section of bcedit that describes the location of the winload .exe file

Answer 13

Windows Boot Loader

Question 14

Exports a copy of the BCD store to a file

Answer 14

bcedit /export

Question 15

Imports a copy of the BCD store back into the store

Answer 15

bcedit /import

Question 16

A fully featured partitioning tool included in the command prompt that lacks the safety features built into Disk Management

Answer 16

diskpart

Question 17

Provides a detailed query about the drive and volumes

Answer 17

fsinfo

Question 18

Tells you if Windows considers the drive to be “dirty” (need to run autochk at the next reboot). When Windows detects an error in the file system for a drive, it flags that drive as a dirty drive/volume. The disk checking utility autochk runs after a reboot and before Windows loads and will correct errors in the file system of a drive

Answer 18

fsutil dirty

Question 19

Run a basic version of chkdsk without rebooting

Answer 19

fsutil repair initiate

Question 20

Option that enables you to access the system setup utility when you restart your computer via the Recovery option in Settings

Answer 20

UEFI Firmware settings

Question 21

Option in Windows 8/8.1 that equates to “Keep my files” in Windows 10 when resetting PC

Answer 21

Refresh

Question 22

Option in Windows 8/8.1 that equates to “Remove everything” in Windows 10 when resetting PC

Answer 22

Reset

Question 23

Two common boot managers for Linux

Answer 23

GRUB and LILO

Question 24

The Linux equivalent of a Blue Screen of Death (BSoD). An error from which the OS can’t recover without a reboot

Answer 24

Kernel Panic

Question 25

Starts up Windows but loads only very basic, non-vendor specific drivers for mouse, 800x600 (Win 7) or 1024x768 (Win 8/8.1/10) resolution monitor, keyboard, mass storage, and system services

Answer 25

Safe Mode

Question 26

Identical to safe mode but with network support

Answer 26

Safe Mode with Networking

Question 27

Rather than loading the GUI desktop, it loads the command prompt as the shell to the OS after you log on

Answer 27

Safe Mode with Command Prompt

Question 28

Selecting this option starts Windows normally and creates a log file of the drivers as they load into memory. The file is named Ntbtlog.txt and is saved in the %SystemRoot% folder

Answer 28

Enable Boot Logging

Question 29

Selecting this option starts Windows normally but only loads a default video driver

Answer 29

Enable Low-Resolution Video

Question 30

Option used specifically when new device drivers cause failures on reboot

Answer 30

Last Known Good Configuration

Question 31

Only applies to Active Directory domain controllers and only Windows Server versions can be domain controllers. Will boot into Safe Mode if ran on any other version of Windows

Answer 31

Directory Services Restore Mode

Question 32

Selecting this option, Windows starts in kernel debug mode. Must be connected to another computer via a serial connection and as Windows starts up, a debug of the kernel is sent to the second computer which must also be running a debugger program

Answer 32

Debugging Mode

Question 33

Selecting this option stops the computer from rebooting on Stop errors which gives the opportunity to write down the error and hopefully fix the file

Answer 33

Disable Automatic Restart on System Failure

Question 34

Utility made available in Windows as an MMC snap-in that enables users to monitor and audit various system events, including network bandwidth usage and CPU utilization

Answer 34

Event Viewer

Question 35

Enables the OS to make backups of any file, even one that is in use. Used for Windows’ System Protection feature, enabling you to access previous versions of any data file or folder

Answer 35

Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS)