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IT A+ Vocab 1002 > Implementing Mass Storage > Flashcards

Implementing Mass Storage Flashcards

1
Q

Tiny bit of code that takes control of the boot process from the system BIOS

A

Master Boot Record (MBR)

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2
Q

Table located in the boot sector of a hard drive that lists every partition on the disk that contains a valid OS

A

Partition Table

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3
Q

Stores information for booting from the partition, such as the location of OS boot files

A

Partition Boot Sector

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4
Q

Type of partition supported by MBR partition tables that are designed to be bootable

A

Primary Partition

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5
Q

Type of partition supported by MBR partition tables that are designed to not be bootable

A

Extended Partitions

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6
Q

On a hard drive, primary partition that contains an OS

A

Active Partition

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7
Q

Sections of an extended partition on a hard drive that are formatted and (usually) assigned a drive letter, each of which is presented to the user as if it were a separate drive

A

Logical drive

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8
Q

Special feature of Windows that enables users to span a single volume across 2+ drives. These do not have partitions, they have volumes. Can be striped, mirrored, and striped or mirrored with parity

A

Dynamic disks

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9
Q

Volume created when setting up dynamic disks. Acts like a primary partition on a dynamic disk

A

Simple volume

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10
Q

Volume that uses space on multiple dynamic disks

A

Spanned volume

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11
Q

RAID 0 volumes. Data is spread across 2 drives for increased speed

A

Striped volumes

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12
Q

Volume that is mirrored on another volume

A

Mirrored volume

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13
Q

A software-based RAID 5 volume made up of 3+ dynamic disks with equal-sized unallocated space. Created with Windows Disk Management

A

RAID 5 Volumes (dynamic disks)

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14
Q

Partitioning scheme that enables you to create more than 4 primary partitions without needing to use dynamic disks

A

Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) Partition Table (GPT)

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15
Q

A recreation of the master boot record from MBR drives so that disk utilities know it is a GPT drive and don’t mistakenly overwrite any partition data

A

Protective MBR/LBA0

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16
Q

Provides a reference number for an object or process that has an almost impossibly small chance of duplication. The number is unique to a specific object or process

A

Globally Unique Identifier (GUID)

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17
Q

A primary partition that is hidden from your OS. Used by some PC makers to hide a backup copy of an installed OS that you can use to restore your system if you accidentally trash it

A

Hidden Partition

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18
Q

Found only on Linux/UNIX systems; its only job is to act like RAM when your system needs more than is installed

A

Swap Partition

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19
Q

The process of making a partition into something that stores files. Creates a file system and a root directory in the file system to enable the partition to store folders

A

Formatting

20
Q

Base storage area for hard drives; each one stores up to 4096 bytes

A

Block

21
Q

Hidden table that records how files on a hard disk are stored in distinct clusters; the only way the DOS knows where to access files. The address of the first cluster is stored in the directory file. The entry of the first cluster is the address of the second cluster used to store that file. In the entry for the second cluster is the address of the third cluster, and so on until the final cluster, which gets a special end of file marker. Two of them, mirroring images of each other, in case one is destroyed or damaged. Also refers to the 16-bit one when used by Win2000 and later NT-based OSs

A

File Allocation Table (FAT)

22
Q

File allocation table that uses 32 bits to address and index clusters. Commonly used with USB flash-media drives and versions of Windows prior to XP

A

FAT32

23
Q

Starting cluster size for FAT32, doubles at 8GB, 16GB, 32GB drive sizes

A

4 KB

24
Q

Occurs when files and directories get jumbled on a fixed disk and are no longer contiguous. Can significantly slow down hard drive access times and can be repaired by using the defrag utility included with each version of Windows

A

Fragmentation

25
Q

Robust and secure file system introduced by Microsoft with Windows NT, it provides an amazing array of configuration options for user access and security. Users can be granted access to data on a file-by-file basis. Enables object-level security, long filename support, compression, and encryption

A

New Technology File System (NTFS)

26
Q

Enhanced FAT used by NTFS. NTFS keeps a backup copy of the critical parts of it in the middle of the disk, reducing the chance that a serious drive error wipes out both it and the copy

A

Master File Table (MFT)

27
Q

A clearly defined list of permissions that specifies what actions an authenticated user may perform on a shared resource

A

Access Control List (ACL)

28
Q

Storage organization and management service, such as NTFS, that has the capability of applying a cipher process to the stored data

A

Encrypting File System (EFS)

29
Q

Application allowing network admins to limit hard drive space usage

A

Disk Quotas

30
Q

A Microsoft-proprietary file system that breaks the 4GB file size barrier, supporting files up to 16 exabytes (EB) and a theoretical partition limit of 64 zetabytes (ZB). Envisioned for use with flash media devices with a capacity exceeding 2 TB

A

exFAT

31
Q

Classical file system used by older Macs. Still required for Time Machine drives

A

Hierarchial File System (HFS+)

32
Q

Replaced HFS+ in nee Macs and existing compatible systems

A

Apple File System (AFS)

33
Q

File system used by most Linux distribution

A

Fourth Extended File System (ext4)

34
Q

Any removable media that has a bootable OS

A

Boot Device/Boot Disk

35
Q

Snap-in available with the Microsoft Management Console that enables techs to configure the various disks installed in a system; available in Computer Management in Administrative Tools

A

Disk Management

36
Q

A process that places special info on every hard drive installed in a Windows system

A

Disk Initialization

37
Q

Drive that functions like a folder mounted into another drive

A

Mount Point

38
Q

A collection of physical drives that enables you to flexibly add and expand capacity

A

Storage Pool

39
Q

Virtual drives that are created from storage pool free space. They have resiliency and fixed provisioning

A

Storage Spaces

40
Q

Provides 1+ layers of redundancy so you can lose a hard drive or two and not lose any data

A

Resiliency Mechanism

41
Q

Feature that allows you to create a space with more capacity than your current physical drive provides

A

Provisioning Feature

42
Q

Windows graphical tool that scans and fixes hard drive problems. Often referred to by the name of the executable, chkdsk, or Check Disk. The macOS equivalent is Disk Utility, and Linux offers a command-line tool called fsck

A

Error-Checking Utilities

43
Q

Hard drive error detection and, to a certain extent, correction utility in Windows, launched from the command-line interface. Originally, a DOS command; also the executable for the graphical Error Checking tool

A

chkdsk

44
Q

Procedure in which all the files in a hard disk drive are rewritten on disk so that all parts of each file reside in contiguous clusters. The result is an improvement in disk speed during retrieval operations

A

Defragmentationt

45
Q

Utility built into Windows that can help users clean up their hard drives by removing temp Internet files, deleting unused program files, and more

A

Disk Cleanup

IT A+ Vocab 1002 (15 decks)

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