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Winter 2021, Forensic Science > Working the scene > Flashcards

Working the scene Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary crime scene?

A

where crime occurs

most evidence is found there

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2
Q

What is the secondary crime scene?

A

related to crime scene

might help find the primary crime scene

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3
Q

When the crime scene investigator arrives at the crime scene, they must…
_____ the victims (give ___ ____ if necessary).
Approaching body in an ____ route in order to ____ evidence.
_____ the perpetrators if one the scene, ____witness ( record _____). _____ suspects

A 
Assist or help
First-aid 
indirect 
protect 
Arrest
detain 
statement
separate
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4
Q

To protect the evidence, we must apply the ___ ____ rule. This is why only _____ _____ is allowed on the crime scene. When they arrive at the crime scene, the crime investigators wll determine a _____ entryway.

A

locards exchange
authorized personel
common

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5
Q

Why is it crucial that the crime investigator documents the procedure and fast?

A

They have a limited amount of time before specialist come rushing in.

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6
Q

Notes will ___ the scene, ___ ___ of evidence and record the _____ of the personel. They will also note the interview of the ____ ____.

A

describe
keep track
movement
firest responder

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7
Q

______ ____ shots of the crime scene before and after _____ are positioned. ___ ___ before each item is _____.
MUST include _____ of _____, from at least ___ objecct/wall/etc. The photographers must take pictures from different ____, to get the position of the object.

A 
wide angled
markers 
closed up
moved 
points of reference 2
angles
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8
Q

Why is it necessary to have points of reference in the picture?

A

to know the size and placement of the object in question.

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9
Q

Why can’t videos replace pictures?

A
  • shaky
  • zoom is often sloppy
  • narration is often obsucred by sound
  • deteriorate with time, humidity, light and temperature
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10
Q

What is the (only) advantage of videos and what must be done?

A

Sound

must make a transcript of the sound/voice over.

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11
Q

_____ sketches are initially made.

A

Rough

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12
Q

What is the main purpose of the crime scene sketch?

A

Relationship of items to the body (in case of murder)

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13
Q

Every object in the sketch must be identified with the distance from…

A

two fixed points

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14
Q

Name the 7 things that a sketch must include?

A
  1. Location
  2. Date
  3. Time
  4. Incident
  5. Sketch by…
  6. Objects
  7. Compass with the north
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15
Q

How must a crime investigator reconstruct the crime in his mind?

A

Visualize the crime in his mind based on evidence, (open windows, hair, fibers).

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16
Q

Why do they try visualize the crime scene?

A

helps to identify the truthfullness of the suspects/witness

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17
Q

What is one crucial thing that crime scene investigators must be aware and be careful of when imagining the crime?

A

Perpetrators might have planted or moved evidence to make it seem like something it isnt (suicide, robbery).

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18
Q

What is the difference between direct and circumstancial evidence?

A

Direct is facts. Witnesses, confessions, etc. Less reliable

Circumstancial is by inference/indirect. Requires the judgment of judge or jury: hair or fingerprints. More reliable.

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19
Q

What is reconstructive evidence?

A

helps understand what happened during the crime - figure out who is lying and who isnt.

20
Q

What is associative evidence?

A

Links a suspect to a crime scene. It can either prove something or clear them.

21
Q

The absence of evidence implied they are ______.

A

innocent

22
Q

Everything is considered evidence on a crime scene. What does that imply for the crime scene investigator?

A

They must choose what evidence is important and pertinent. Based on the technology the lab has, the capibilities and limitations and techniques.

23
Q

What is the difference between class evidence and indivvidual evidence?

A

Class evidence means evidence that can lead to many people (type of car, type of dog)
Individual evidence is only one person (DNA, fingerprints)

24
Q

Explain what happened in the Stepehn Bradley case?

A

He was convicted by deduction because of many class evidence.

25
Q

What are the two goals when analyzing the evidence?explain each

A

identification: what a certain evidence is. (Hair is dog hair)
comparaison: link to a suspect (this suspect has this type of dog)

26
Q

Using the identification and comparaison technique help…

A

link a person to more than one crime

27
Q

To obtain a search warrant:
1)affidavit: must indicate in a document ____, ___, ____ and ____
2)write __________
3)

A

location, time and items that are to be searched and the cause
official document that is to be presented to the judge
have the judge sign the warrant

28
Q

Describe the 4 situation in which a police officer can search without a warrant.

A

1) emergency situation: life is in danger
2) Impending loss of evidence: fire or suspect destroying evidence
3) Lawful arrest: once person arrested searching without a warrant is legit
4) Consented search: both parties agreeded to search

29
Q

What is trace evidence?

A

Evidence that is really tiny

30
Q

Describe and name the 4 patterns to search crime scenes:

A

1) grid : quadrille
2) linear: corridor
3) quadrant zone: small squares in a bigger squares, than smaller squares again
4) spiral:

31
Q

What is the first piece of evidence that must be collected? example

A

fragile, easily damaged, lost or contaminated.

outdoors scene

32
Q

Gathering evidence: Fingerprints are ____, then ____ or ______

A

photographed
lifted
transferred

33
Q

Gathering evidence: Tool marks, shoe prints, tire impressions are ____, lifted than we make a _____ with ___ ____

A

photographed
cast
dental stone

34
Q

Gathering evidence: fibres and hair are searched with ____ _____ then picked up with ____.

A

special lights

tweezers

35
Q

Gathering evidence: carpets and furniture are _____ with ___ ___ ___ ____

A

vacuumed

fresh bag per area

36
Q

packaging evidence: each piece of evidence is packaged ____

A

separately

37
Q

packaging evidence: Dry evidence is placed in ____, ____, ____, ______, ____, (name as much as you can)

A 
druggists fold
enveloppes
canisters
plastic pill bottle 
paper/plastic bags
38
Q

packaging evidence: documents are placed in ____-

A

plastic covers

39
Q

packaging evidence: liquids and solids are placed in ____ because….

A

unbreakable, airtight containers - evaporation

40
Q

packaging evidence: wet/moist biological is placed in _____ because…

A

non-airtight containers - no bacteria grows

41
Q

packaging evidence: easily damageable are processed ___ ___ ___ and removed with _____

A

at the scene

surroundings

42
Q

name the different type of containers 7

A

1) plastic pill bottle
2) manila envelopes
2) screw cap glass vials
4) sealable plastic bags
5) metal pillboxes
6) new paint cans
7) paper bags

43
Q

What is the purpose of a control sample?

A

compare with the ones we got on the scene to make links

44
Q

What is the chain of custody?

A

record that show evidence was kept safe and has not been tampered

45
Q

What needs to be written on each piece of evidence to make it admissible in court? 7

A 
case number 
name + initials person who found it 
description
name witness 
date
time 
location evidence found
46
Q

every time the evidence is passed to a new person you must…

A

initialize and date

47
Q

What is the technique used to figure out the size of the crime scene?

A

exit entrances and escape routes
where importance evidence was found
where evidence could’ve been moved or disguarded

Winter 2021, Forensic Science (16 decks)

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