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Winter 2021, Forensic Science > Trace Evidence > Flashcards

Trace Evidence Flashcards

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1
Q

People leave pieces of ___ or take something of ____ ____ with them. Those small pieces of evidence are called ___ ____.

A

Themselves
crime scene
trace evidence

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2
Q

Trace evidence is often ____ (class or individual) evidence?

A

Class

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3
Q

A regular microscope, like the ones we used in high school, is officially called _____.

A

Compound binocular microscopes

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4
Q

Microscopes used to compare two pieces of evidence side by side is called _____

A

comparison microscopes

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5
Q

Microscopes used to make objects appear sharper and their colors clearer is called a ___.

A

Polarized light microscopes

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6
Q

Microscopes that zoom up to 100 000 times the normal size are called_____.

A

scanning electron microscopes

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7
Q

Microscopes that make objects appear 3D are called ____.

A

Stereomicroscopes

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8
Q

What is microspectrophotometry?

A

This device makes us see the extra color of an object or material by transmitting light and analyzing how the light is absorbed or transmitted.

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9
Q

Microspectophotometry is great for ___, ___ and ______.

A

paint chips, colored fibers, and dyed/treated hair.

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10
Q

What does infrared spectophotometry do?

A

it sends infrared lights on an object to show its true colors

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11
Q

What does neutron activation analysis?

A

measures radiance emission.

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12
Q

What is the downside of neutron activation analysis?

A

Needs a nuclear reactor, which is very expensive.

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13
Q

Neutron activation analysis is good to identify certain things such as ___, ___, ___, and ____.

A

paint
soil
hair
metal

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14
Q

Name another method to analyze trace evidence?

A

X-rays

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15
Q

What is the name of the part of the hai that is a pocket of specialized cells?

A

follicle

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16
Q

Every hair as a ___ root and a _________, which is the showing part of the hair.

A

living

non-living shaft

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17
Q

What is the name of the outside layer of the hair?

A

Cuticle

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18
Q

What is the name of the middle, thick part of the hair?

A

cortex

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19
Q

What is the name of the solid line in the middle of the hair?

A

Medulla

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20
Q

The cuticle is a ___, ____ cell.

A

Dead

transparent

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21
Q

What is the name of the cuticle that looks like a crown? This one is mostly found in ______.

A

coronal

rodents

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22
Q

What is the name of the cuticle that looks like a flower?

This one is mostly found in _____.

A

Spinous

cats

23
Q

What is the name of the cuticle that is superimpositioned?

This one is mostly found in_____.

A

Imbricate

humans and other animals

24
Q

Name three types of hair humans have?

A

facial, limb and pubic

25
Q

Name the three types of hair animals have?

A

Guard hair
ground hair
tactile hair

26
Q

The different types of hair help experts differentiate _____.

A

species

27
Q

In the cortex, the amount of ____ determines the color of hair.

A

melanin

28
Q

The amount of melanin is ____ in human hair, but in animals it __________.

A

constant

more [ ] towards medulla. Which explains the change of colors.

29
Q

The change of color in animal hair is also called _____.

A

Banding

30
Q

Name and describe the four types of the medulla.

A

fragmented: not equal
intermitted: equal
continuous: one line
absent:

31
Q

Which of the four medulla types are common in humans? What is the exception of this?

A

absent and fragmented

Mongolian have continuous

32
Q

Experts perform physical tests on hair to find what?

A

shape, color, texture

33
Q

Experts perform chemical tests on hair to find what?

A

toxins, drugs, dyes

34
Q

Hair is class evidence unless…

A

linked to a root with a follicular tag. Then there’s DNA

35
Q

How many hairs are needed to make a match?

A

50

36
Q

What is to be compared when analyzing/comparing hair? 7

A 
color, width, length 
diameter
the pattern of the medulla 
color/pattern of the cortex
cuticle pattern
37
Q

Asian hair is _____ (round, oval, very oval)
African hair is ______(round, oval, very oval)
European hair is ____(round, oval, very oval)

A

round
very oval
oval

38
Q

What are the two categories of fibers. What are they?

A

Natural fibers and manmade

39
Q

Natural fibers, such as ___, ____, or ___, are made from plants. While some are made from animals such as ____, ____, ____ or ____.

A

cotton, linen, jute

wool, silk, cashmere and fur

40
Q

There are two types of manmade fibers, what are they?

A

manufactured and synthetic.

41
Q

Manufactured fibers are made from ____ of raw cotton/______.

A

cellulose

wood pulp

42
Q

Give examples of manufactured fibers.

A

rayon and acetate

43
Q

Synthetic fibers are made of _____, which is a type of plastic. Give examples of this.

A

polymers

nylon and polyester.

44
Q

What is to be examined in fibers?

A

type, shape, diameter, color, a variation of color, length of the fiber, length of fibers

45
Q

We must collect fibers ASAP because after 4h ____ are lost, 24h _____are lost.

A

80%

95%

46
Q

How do we collect fibers?

A

tape, vacuuming, tweezers

47
Q

What is birefringence?

A

it is a way of comparing fibers by examining their refractive properties.

48
Q

Glass can be differentiated with ___- composition.

A

chemical

49
Q

broken glass help us…

A

1- determine entry v. exit
2- determine what broke the glass
3- collect fingerprints, shoeprints and dna

50
Q

Paint can be differentiated with _____ properties.

A

chemical and physical

51
Q

with a chipped paint of vehicle we can determine…

A

its make, model, and year

52
Q

explain the two ways how plants and soil are relevant to a forensic science team?

A

1- a mix of mineral, plants, animal matter - each spot is unique
2- some plants only grow in certain areas = decrease the size of the search

53
Q

Chemical tests analytical?

A

Infrared specrophotometry
Neutron activation analysis
X-Rays

54
Q

Physicial tests analystical?

A 
Compound bino
comparaison
polarized light
scanning electron 
steromicroscope
microspectrophotometry

Winter 2021, Forensic Science (16 decks)

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