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Winter 2021, Forensic Science > Trace Evidence > Flashcards

Trace Evidence Flashcards

1
Q

People leave pieces of ___ or take something of ____ ____ with them. Those small pieces of evidence are called ___ ____.

A

Themselves
crime scene
trace evidence

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2
Q

Trace evidence is often ____ (class or individual) evidence?

A

Class

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3
Q

A regular microscope, like the ones we used in high school, is officially called _____.

A

Compound binocular microscopes

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4
Q

Microscopes used to compare two pieces of evidence side by side is called _____

A

comparison microscopes

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5
Q

Microscopes used to make objects appear sharper and their colors clearer is called a ___.

A

Polarized light microscopes

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6
Q

Microscopes that zoom up to 100 000 times the normal size are called_____.

A

scanning electron microscopes

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7
Q

Microscopes that make objects appear 3D are called ____.

A

Stereomicroscopes

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8
Q

What is microspectrophotometry?

A

This device makes us see the extra color of an object or material by transmitting light and analyzing how the light is absorbed or transmitted.

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9
Q

Microspectophotometry is great for ___, ___ and ______.

A

paint chips, colored fibers, and dyed/treated hair.

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10
Q

What does infrared spectophotometry do?

A

it sends infrared lights on an object to show its true colors

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11
Q

What does neutron activation analysis?

A

measures radiance emission.

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12
Q

What is the downside of neutron activation analysis?

A

Needs a nuclear reactor, which is very expensive.

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13
Q

Neutron activation analysis is good to identify certain things such as ___, ___, ___, and ____.

A

paint
soil
hair
metal

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14
Q

Name another method to analyze trace evidence?

A

X-rays

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15
Q

What is the name of the part of the hai that is a pocket of specialized cells?

A

follicle

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16
Q

Every hair as a ___ root and a _________, which is the showing part of the hair.

A

living

non-living shaft

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17
Q

What is the name of the outside layer of the hair?

A

Cuticle

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18
Q

What is the name of the middle, thick part of the hair?

A

cortex

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19
Q

What is the name of the solid line in the middle of the hair?

A

Medulla

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20
Q

The cuticle is a ___, ____ cell.

A

Dead

transparent

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21
Q

What is the name of the cuticle that looks like a crown? This one is mostly found in ______.

A

coronal

rodents

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22
Q

What is the name of the cuticle that looks like a flower?

This one is mostly found in _____.

A

Spinous

cats

23
Q

What is the name of the cuticle that is superimpositioned?

This one is mostly found in_____.

A

Imbricate

humans and other animals

24
Q

Name three types of hair humans have?

A

facial, limb and pubic

25
Name the three types of hair animals have?
Guard hair ground hair tactile hair
26
The different types of hair help experts differentiate _____.
species
27
In the cortex, the amount of ____ determines the color of hair.
melanin
28
The amount of melanin is ____ in human hair, but in animals it __________.
constant | more [ ] towards medulla. Which explains the change of colors.
29
The change of color in animal hair is also called _____.
Banding
30
Name and describe the four types of the medulla.
fragmented: not equal intermitted: equal continuous: one line absent:
31
Which of the four medulla types are common in humans? What is the exception of this?
absent and fragmented | Mongolian have continuous
32
Experts perform physical tests on hair to find what?
shape, color, texture
33
Experts perform chemical tests on hair to find what?
toxins, drugs, dyes
34
Hair is class evidence unless...
linked to a root with a follicular tag. Then there's DNA
35
How many hairs are needed to make a match?
50
36
What is to be compared when analyzing/comparing hair? 7
``` color, width, length diameter the pattern of the medulla color/pattern of the cortex cuticle pattern ```
37
Asian hair is _____ (round, oval, very oval) African hair is ______(round, oval, very oval) European hair is ____(round, oval, very oval)
round very oval oval
38
What are the two categories of fibers. What are they?
Natural fibers and manmade
39
Natural fibers, such as ___, ____, or ___, are made from plants. While some are made from animals such as ____, ____, ____ or ____.
cotton, linen, jute | wool, silk, cashmere and fur
40
There are two types of manmade fibers, what are they?
manufactured and synthetic.
41
Manufactured fibers are made from ____ of raw cotton/______.
cellulose | wood pulp
42
Give examples of manufactured fibers.
rayon and acetate
43
Synthetic fibers are made of _____, which is a type of plastic. Give examples of this.
polymers | nylon and polyester.
44
What is to be examined in fibers?
type, shape, diameter, color, a variation of color, length of the fiber, length of fibers
45
We must collect fibers ASAP because after 4h ____ are lost, 24h _____are lost.
80% | 95%
46
How do we collect fibers?
tape, vacuuming, tweezers
47
What is birefringence?
it is a way of comparing fibers by examining their refractive properties.
48
Glass can be differentiated with ___- composition.
chemical
49
broken glass help us...
1- determine entry v. exit 2- determine what broke the glass 3- collect fingerprints, shoeprints and dna
50
Paint can be differentiated with _____ properties.
chemical and physical
51
with a chipped paint of vehicle we can determine...
its make, model, and year
52
explain the two ways how plants and soil are relevant to a forensic science team?
1- a mix of mineral, plants, animal matter - each spot is unique 2- some plants only grow in certain areas = decrease the size of the search
53
Chemical tests analytical?
Infrared specrophotometry Neutron activation analysis X-Rays
54
Physicial tests analystical?
``` Compound bino comparaison polarized light scanning electron steromicroscope microspectrophotometry ```

Winter 2021, Forensic Science (16 decks)

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