Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Winter 2021, Forensic Science > Bodily fluids > Flashcards

Bodily fluids Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which of the bodily fluids is the most common and the most useful?

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

To gain more information, we can do/analyze these 4 things to blood.

A

biological and chemical tests.
blood stains and splatter
coagulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the name of the specialist who analyzes blood?

A

Serologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can we find in the plasma?

A
  • White blood cell (leucocytes)
  • Red blood cells (erythrocyte)
  • platelets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can we find to identify with the red blood cells and serum?

A

blood type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In red blood cells, we find ____ and _____ that can tell us the blood type.

A

antigens

antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mixing blood tyes can lead to ___.

A

death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
Blood group A: 
\_\_ antigens (round). 
\_\_\_ antibodies (spiky)
strong negative reaction to type \_\_\_.
A

A
B
B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
Blood group B: 
\_\_ antigens (spiky). 
\_\_\_ antibodies (round)
strong negative reaction to type \_\_\_.
A

B
A
A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blood type AB:
__ antigens .
___ antibodies
strong negative reaction to type ___.

A

A and B
No
none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Blood type O:
__ antigens.
___ antibodies
strong negative reaction to type ___.

A

no
A and B
A and B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens when A type blood meets Anti-A serum?

A

agglutination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens when B-type blood meets Anti-B serum?

A

agglutination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens when AB-type blood meets Anti-B serum?

A

agglutination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens when AB-type blood meets Anti-A serum?

A

agglutination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens when type-blood O meets any antiserum?

A

nothing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does Rh stand for?

A

Rhesus factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rh+ has __ antigens. Does it have Rh antibodies?

A

Rh

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rh+ can receive blood from?

A

Rh - and Rh +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rh -:
antigens?
antibodies?

A

No Rh antigens
Rh antibodies are not naturally present, they develop when they receive blood for the first time. 1st time receiving = okay, the second time? death

21
Q

___% are Rh+ so ___% are Rh-
___% are O and ___% are A
___% are B
___% are AB

A

85 - 15
45 - 40
11 - 4

22
Q

In which cases are paternity tests used?

A

Child support and custody, kidnapping, insurance fraud and inheritance conflicts.

23
Q

In depth paternity testing requires ____. But we can use ___ for preliminary testing.

A

DNA analysis

blood-typing

24
Q

What is the genotype and the phenotype?

A 
Genotype= in your gene (2 letters) 
Phetnotype= how genes affect you (1 letter)
25
Q

The phenotype can be determined by _____, but genotype requires _____.

A

blood test

DNA analysis

26
Q

Why would we blood test someone if cant identify precisely?

A

Include or exclude possible fathers.

27
Q

What is the name of the grid used to determine possible genotypes?

A

Punet square

28
Q

What is the certainty of DNA analysis?

A

99%

29
Q

Name other tests that can replace DNA and why we don’t really use them?

A

HLA, Haptoglobin

not as certain as DNA

30
Q

Blood at the crime scene can look like a ___ paint splotch or _____ grease stain, depending on ______.

A

purple
brown
age of the stain

31
Q

What are the 3 questions crime scene investigators ask when confronted with a stain?

A

1- Is it blood?
2- Is it human blood?
3- Whose blood is it?

32
Q

What are the limits of blood testing?

A

not enough blood
degradation by chemicals
putrefaction often alters evidence in hot/humid conditions.

33
Q

What are the 2 categories of presumptive tests in blood testing?

A

colour tests and fluorescent tests

34
Q

What is the name of the test that takes 1-2 minutes.

Creates a dark pink colour in presence of blood. What does this liquid also react with?

A

Kastle-Meyer

Potatoes and horseradish

35
Q

What is the name of the test that creates a blue-green colour in the presence of blood?

A

tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)

36
Q

What is the name of the test that creates a green colour in the presence of blood?

A

Leucomalachite green (LMG)

37
Q

_____ tests are extremely sensitve (_____ million). It can expose blood that has been ____ (except with ____) and ____ over.

A 
Luminol 
1/10
cleaned 
chlorine bleach 
painted
38
Q

___ tests can be used when the surface has been cleaned with _______. Also it ____ less than the Lumino tests.

A

Fluorescein
chlorine bleach
drips

39
Q

What is the name of the only confirmatory tests for blood?

  • It creates _____ because of the reaction between chemicals and _______ from the RBC.
  • Works well with ___ stains.
A

Teichmann and Takayama
crystals
hemoglobin
older

40
Q

What technique is used to know if the blood found is human blood?

A

Create an antibody in animals that will react to human blood. Thus, if precipitation when we mix it we know it is human blood.

41
Q

Whose blood is it?
1- Serologists identify _____ of the sample.
2- Other similar tests such as ______, or _______.
3- _____ analysis.

A

blood-type
phosphoglucomutase (PMG)
adenylate Kinase
DNA

42
Q

Where is semen usually found on a crime scene?

A

In the corpse or victim, underwear, condom, bed sheets, mattress, flooring and carpeting.

43
Q

What are the two presumptive tests for semen?

A

1- Acid phosphate enzymes
false positive with fruit and vegetables, fungi, contraceptive cream and vaginal fluids
2- spermine and choline
forms a crystal

44
Q

WHat are the two confirmatory tests for sperm?

A

1- microscopic analysis for spermatozoa
2- prostate-specific antigen
highly concentrated in semen even after a vasectomy

45
Q

How can semen help us know the time of the intercourse?

A

depending on the movement of the sperm.

  • moves for 4-6 hours in living victims
  • up to two weeks in a corpse
46
Q

How can the secretor status help us eliminate suspects with sperm, saliva and tears?

A

Secretors (80-85%) of the population secrete AOB blood types.

47
Q

Where is saliva found? What are the presumptive tests and confirmatory tests? What about DNA in saliva?

A

Bite marks, stamps to food.
test for alpha-amylase (an enzyme used to break down carbohydrates).
No confirmatory tests
can yield DNA

48
Q

Vaginal fluid can be important in ______ and ____ rapes.

A

non-ejaculatory rapes and object rapes

49
Q

What is the presumptive test for vaginal fluids? Explain why it often gives false negative?

A

Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)
A reagent that stains glycogen (found in vaginal epithelial cells)- stains magenta
young girls and post-menopausal women.

Winter 2021, Forensic Science (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions