Workbook5 Flashcards
On the AP Exam, the essay portion of the exam starts with a __ minute reading period, in which you can scribble notes, plan, and read DBQ documents but not yet write any essays.
10
Date: Beginnings of Agriculture
10000 BCE
The 2nd century BCE includes what years?
100s
Date: East-West Great Schism in Christian Church (Hint: __54 CE)
1054 CE
Date: Norman Conquest of England
1066 CE
Date: Battle of Manzikert
1071 CE
Date: First Crusade
1095 CE
Date: Mongols sack Baghdad
1258 CE
Date: Marco Polo Travels
1271-1295 CE
Date: Iron Age
1300 BCE
Date: Mansa Musa’s Pilgrimage
1324 CE
Date: Travels of Ibn Battuta begin
1325 CE
Date: Black Death hits Europe
1347 CE
Date: End of Zheng He’s Voyages/Rise of Ottomans (Hint: __33 CE)
1433 CE
The year that Constantinople was sacked by the Ottoman Turks and meant that Byzantium had collapsed. Hint: __53
1453
Date: Ottomans capture Constantinople (Hint: __53 CE)
1453 CE
Date: Dias rounded Cape of Good Hope
1488
Date: Columbus “Sailed the Ocean Blue” / Reconquista of Spain (Hint: 1__2)
1492
The 16th century includes what years?
1500s
Date: Slaves begin moving to Americas (Hint: 1__2)
1502
Date: Martin Luther and 95 Theses (Hint: 1__7)
1517
Date: Cortez conquered the Aztecs (Hint: 1__1)
1521
Date: Pizarro Toppled the Incas (Hint: 1__3)
1533
Date: Battle of Lepanto (Hint: 1__1)
1571
Date: Defeat of the Spanish Armada by the British (Hint: 1__8)
1588
Date: Battle of Sekigahara - Beginning of Tokugawa (Hint: 1__0)
1600
The 17th century includes what years?
1600s
Date: Founding of Jamestown (Hint: 1__7)
1607
Date: Thirty Years War begins (Hint: 1__8)
1618
Date: unsuccessful Ottoman seige of Vienna (Hint: 1_83)
1683
Date: Glorious Revolution / English Bill of Rights (Hint: 1__9)
1689
The 18th century includes what years?
1700s
Date: 7 years war between France and Britain begins (Hint: 1__6)
1756
Date: American Revolution/Smith writes Wealth of Nations (Hint: 1__6)
1776
Date: French Revolution begins
1789
Date: End of Pax Romana
180 CE
The 19th century includes what years?
1800s
Date: Haitian Independence (Hint: 1__4)
1804
Date: Decade when Independence in mainland Latin America began (Hint: 1__0s)
1810s
Date: Congress of Vienna (Hint: 1__5)
1815
The Greeks gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in this year.
1830
Date: First Opium War in China (Hint: 1__9)
1839
Date: Many European Revolutions / Marx and Engles write Communist Manifesto (Hint: 1__8)
1848
Date: Commodore Perry opens Japan to trade (Hint: 1__3)
1853
Date: Sepoy Mutiny or failed Indian revolution against British East India Company colonial rule (Hint: 1__7)
1857
In what year did the Indians attempt a widespread but disorganized rebellion against the British, resulting in even more intense colonization of India by the British?
1857
In what year did the Indians attempt a widespread but disorganized rebellion against the British, resulting in even more intense colonization of India more directly by the British Government?
1857
Date: End of Russian Serfdom/Italian Unification (Hint: 1__1)
1861
Tsar Alexander II (r.1855-1881) emancipated the serfs in this year. (Hint:18_1)
1861
Date: Emancipation Proclamation in US (Hint: 1__3)
1863
The Serbians gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in this year.
1867
Date: German Unification (Hint: 1__1)
1871
Europeans scramble for Africa colonies started in this decade
1880s
Date: Berlin Conference - Division of Africa (Hint: 1__5)
1885
Date: Spanish-American War - US acquires Philippines,Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico (Hint: 1__8)
1898
Date: Boer War - British in control of South Africa (Hint: 1__9)
1899
Date: Russo-Japanese War (Hint: 1__5)
1905
Date: Start of the ten year long Mexican Revolution. Not to be confused with Mexican war of Independence (1810-1821) (Hint: 1__0)
1910
Date: Chinese Revolution against traditional Chinese Imperial system. (Hint: 1__1)
1911
Date: WWI (from start to finish)
1914-1918
Date: Year of successful Russian Revolution(s)
1917
Date: Treaty of Versailles - End of WWI
1919
Date: Stock Market Crash
1929
Date: Japanese invasion of Manchuria (Hint: 1__1)
1931
Date: Italian invasion of Ethiopia (Hint: 1__5)
1935
Date: German blitzkrieg in Poland starting WWII in Europe.
1939
Date: Pearl Harbor, entry of US into WWII
1941
Date: end of WWII
1945
Date: independence & partition of India
1947
Date: declaration of of Israeli statehood
1948
Date: Chinese Communist Revolution
1949
Date: Korean War starts
1950
Date: Vietnamese defeat French at Dien Bien Phu (Hint: 1__4)
1954
Date: de-Stalinization in Russia; Egyptian nationalization of Suez Canal (Hint: 1__6)
1956
Date: Cuban Revolution (Hint: 1__9)
1959
Date: Cuban Missile Crisis
1962
Date: Six-day war in Israel; Chinese Cultural Revolution (Hint: 1__7)
1967
Date: Iranian Revolution (Hint: 1__9)
1979
Date: 1st Palestinian Intifada (Hint: 1__7)
1987
Date: Tiananmen Square protest in China; Fall of Berlin Wall in Germany
1989
Date: fall of USSR; 1st Gulf war near Iraq (Hint: 1__1)
1991
The year of the collapse of the Soviet Union.
1991
Date: genocide in Rwanda/1st all race elections in S. Africa (Hint: 1__4)
1994
The minimum number times must you analyze the Point of View in documents within a DBQ essay?
2
You must group documents in at least 2 or 3 ways within the DBQ essay. What is the minimum number documents in a group?
2
Date: 9/11 Attacks
2001
Date: End of Han Dynasty
220 CE
Date: Qin Unified China
221 BCE
a good rule of thumb for essay writing is to do everything ____ times (3 body paragraphs, three POV, three supporting facts for each paragraph, etc).
3
Date: Beginning of Bronze Age and river valley civilizations (Hint: _000s BCE)
3000s BCE
Date: Beginnings of Christianity
32 CE
Date: Alexander the Great dies
323 BCE
Date: Roman Capital moved to Constantinople
333 CE
the year the Roman Empire Split. (Hint _85)
385
Date: Fall of Rome
476 CE
Date: Beginning of Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
4th century CE
Date: Justinian rule of Byzantine Empire
527 CE
Date: Greek Golden Age - Philosophers
5th century BCE
Date: Rise of Islam
632 CE
Date: Origin of Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism
6th century BCE
Date: Battle of Tours
732 CE
It was nailed to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517 and is widely seen as being the catalyst that started the Protestant Reformation. It contained Luther’s list of accusations against the Roman Catholic Church.
95 Theses
Safavid ruler from 1587 to 1629; extended Safavid domain to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military technology.
Abbas the Great
(750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Mulim could be a part of.
Abbasid Caliphate
Descendants of the Prophet Muhammad’s uncle, al-Abbas, they overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad (founded 762) from 750 to 1258.
Abbasid Caliphate
third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. The rulers who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs. In started in 750 CE. It flourished for two centuries, but slowly went into decline with the rise to power of the Turkish army it had created, the Mamluks. In the 13th century the Mongols displaced them.
Abbasid Caliphate
From 750-1258 this was the 3rd dyansty of the Islamic Caliphate. They built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphate.
Abbasid Dynasty
Abbasids or Umayyads? Were more open and integrating of non Arab peoples, and were more open to the non-Arab masses converting to Islam.
Abbasids
to renounce or relinquish a throne, right, power, claim, responsibility, or the like, especially in a formal manner
Abdicate
The movement to make slavery and the slave trade illegal. Begun by Quakers in England in the 1780s.
Abolition
The general named often used to describe the original inhabitants of Australia.
Aborigine
16th president of the United States; helped preserve the United States by leading the defeat of the secessionist Confederacy; an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery.
Abraham Lincoln
Concept of government developed during rise of nation-states in Western Europe during the 17th century; featured monarchs who passed laws without parliaments, appointed professionalized armies and bureaucracies, established state churches, and imposed state economic policies.
Absolute Monarchy
A form of government, usually hereditary monarchy, in which the ruler has no legal limits on his or her power.
Absolutism
The name of an ancient Persian Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) which was composed of many smaller kingdoms. The realm was divided into twenty-three satrapies whose administration and taxation was managed by subordinate local rulers.
Achaemenid Empire
Greek for “high city”. The chief temples of the city were located here.
Acropolis
Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism.
Adam Smith
Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneer of political economics. Seen today as the father of Capitalism. Wrote On the Wealth of Nations (1776) One of the key figures of the Scottish Enlightenment.
Adam Smith
Seen as the Father of Capitalism. Published The Wealth of Nations in 1776.
Adam Smith
Born in Austria, became a radical German nationalist during World War I. He became dictator of Germany in 1933. He led Europe into World War II.
Adolf Hitler
German leader of the Nazi Party.
Adolf Hitler
This dictator was the leader of the Nazi Party in Germany; he believed that strong leadership was required to save Germanic society, which was at risk due to Jewish, socialist, democratic, and liberal forces.
Adolf Hitler
In the 16th century, warfare between states/groups in _______ for the purposes of capturing new slaves to be taken to the Atlantic market increased dramatically.
Africa
The separation of Africans from their homeland through centuries of forced removal to serve as slaves in the Americas and elsewhere.
African diaspora
An organization dedicated to obtaining equal voting and civil rights for black inhabitants of South Africa. Founded in 1912 as the South African Native National Congress, it changed its name in 1923. Eventually brought greater equality.
African National Congress
South Africans descended from Dutch and French settlers of the seventeenth century. Their Great Trek founded new settler colonies in the nineteenth century. Though a minority among South Africans, they held political power after 1910.
Afrikaners
Resulted not only in a more reliable food source, but also in a shifting of dependancy and power to males over females, the claiming and defending of land, and the establishment of the first political and religious institutions.
Agricultural Revolution
The change from food gathering to food production that occurred between around 8000 and 2000 B.C.E. Also known as the Neolithic Revolution.
Agricultural Revolution
The switch to ______ created a more reliable and stable food supply.
Agriculture
A serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles.
AIDS
Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus.
Akbar
Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus.
Akbar
The greatest of the Mughald Emperors. Second half of 1500s. Descendant of Timur. Consolidated power over northern India. Religiously tolerant. Patron of arts, including large mural paintings.
Akbar
The most famous Muslim ruler of India during the period of Mughal rule. Famous for his religious tolerance, his investment in rich cultural feats, and the creation of a centralized governmental administration, which was not typical of ancient and post-classical India.
Akbar
Egyptian pharaoh (r. 1353-1335 B.C.E.). He built a new capital at Amarna, fostered a new style of naturalistic art, and created a religious revolution by imposing worship of the sun-disk.
Akhenaten
Sargon of _____ began taking over Mesopotamian city-states in 2200BC to form the worlds first empire.
Akkad
German physicist who developed the theory of relativity, which states that time, space, and mass are relative to each other and not fixed.
Albert Einstein
German physicist, father of modern quantum physics.
Albert Einstein
Physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity.
Albert Einstein
Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East.
Alexander the Great
Chandragupta Maurya is believed to have modeled his conquest of India (forming the Mauryan Empire) off of the conquests of what other leader?
Alexander the Great
He and his father defeated and united the weakened Greek city-states and he defeated the Persian Empire in 330 BCE thus spreading Greek culture and influence throughout Western Asia.
Alexander the Great
King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia
Alexander the Great
City on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander. It became the capital of the Hellenistic kingdom of Ptolemy. It contained the famous Library and the Museum and was a center for leading scientific and literary figures in the classical and postclassical eras.
Alexandria
How many documents must you use in the DBQ?
All
Political organization founded in India in 1906 to defend the interests of India’s Muslim minority. Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, it attempted to negotiate with the Indian National Congress. Demanded the partition of a Muslim Pakistan.
All-India Muslim League
This political revolution began with the Declaration of Independence in 1776 where American colonists sought to balance the power between government and the people and protect the rights of citizens in a democracy.
American Revolution
People in this region developed complex urban societies and empires without the benefit of large pack animals or Iron technology.
Americas
The book that Kong Fuzi wrote and that stresses the values and ideas of Confucianism.
Analects
A type of thinking. To determine various component parts and examine their nature and relationship.
Analyze
Many groups including the socialists and Marxists of the 19th century often opposed the idea of a state. They believed society would function better without a government and that governments do nothing but promote exploitation. What is this belief system called?
Anarchism
Many groups including the socialists and Marxists of the 19th century often opposed the idea of a state. They believed society would function better without a government and that governments do nothing but promote exploitation. What is this belief system called?
Anarchism
The practice of praying to your ancestors. Found especially in China.
Ancestor Veneration
the largest mountain range in the world; home of the Chavin and Inca civilizations.
Andes Mountains
A social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites.
Apartheid
A system of legal racial segregation enforced by the National Party government in South Africa between 1948 and 1994, under which the rights of the majority black inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and minority rule by whites was maintained.
Apartheid
A Jew from the Greek city of Tarsus in Anatolia, he initially persecuted the followers of Jesus but, according to Christian belief, after receiving a revelation on the road to Syrian Damascus, he became arguably the most significant figure in the spread of Christianity and the shaping of its doctrine.
Apostle Paul
The man who was instrumental in its spreading Christianity beyond its early Jewish roots, particularly to the Greeks.
Apostle Paul
A conduit, either elevated or under ground, using gravity to carry water from a source to a location-usually a city-that needed it. The Romans built many of these in a period of substantial urbanization.
aqueduct
Famous example of Roman engineering that also made possible the existence of large cities. http://farm1.staticflickr.com/35/282555316_0b4babb19d.jpg
Aqueducts
The field of study that tells us about wow humans lived in the Paleolithic Era.
Archeology
Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato’s metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry.
Aristotle
Unlike his teacher Plato, he believe that philosophers could rely on their senses to provide accurate information about the world.
Aristotle
One of the earliest Christian kingdoms, situated in eastern Anatolia (east of Turkey today) and the western Caucasus and occupied by speakers of the Armenian language. The Ottoman Empire is accused of systematic mass killings of Armenians in the early 20th century.
Armenia
A cease fire or temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement of the warring parties.
Armistice
The famous ancient Indian book on statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy. Written by Kautilya.
Arthashastra
immigrants who arrived at the Ganges river valley by the year 1000 BC
Aryans
nomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and finally settled; vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system
Aryans
African kingdom on the Gold Coast that expanded rapidly after 1680. A major participant in the Atlantic economy, trading gold, slaves, and ivory. It resisted British imperial ambitions for a quarter century before being absorbed into Britain.
Asante
Leader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism.
Ashoka
Collective name for South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore-nations that became economic powers in the 1970s and 1980s.
Asian Tigers
Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing.
Asoka
Adopting the traits of another culture. Often happens over time when one immigrates into a new country.
Assimilation
Ethnic groups lost their distinctive culture through the domination of newly expanding empires. This process is called ______.
Assimilation
The process by which people are gradually absorbed and integrated into another culture.
assimilation
this empire covered much of what is now mesopotamia, syria, palestine, egypt, and anatolia; its height was during the seventh and eigth centuries BCE
Assyrian Empire
One of the world’s largest dams on the Nile River in southern Egypt. A key project under Gama Abdel Nasser.
Aswan High Dam
Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish.
Atahualpa
A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.
Athens
This city was the seat of Greek art, science, and philosophy. Paul visited this city during his second missionary journey and spoke to the citizens about their altar to the unknown god.
Athens
After 1500, world economic activity gradually began to shift toward this body of water, noncontributing to the rise of Western European colonialism and economic dominance in the world.
Atlantic
This body of water contributed to Britain, the United States, France, and eventually Germany becoming industrialized
Atlantic Ocean
Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. One part of a three-part economical system known as the Middle Passage of the Triangular Trade.
Atlantic Slave Trade
Courts appointed by the king who reviewed the administration of viceroys serving Spanish colonies in America.
Audiencias
Mughal emperor in India and great-grandson of Akbar ‘the Great’, under whom the empire reached its greatest extent, only to collapse after his death.
Aurangzeb
Nazi extermination camp in Poland, the largest center of mass murder during the Holocaust. Close to a million Jews, Gypsies, Communists, and others were killed there. (p. 800)
Auschwitz
A style of government characterized by submission to authority. It tends to opposed individualism and democracy. In its most extreme cases it is one in which political power is concentrated in a leader or leaders, who possess exclusive, unaccountable, and arbitrary power.
Authoritarian
The Christian state in Africa that developed its own branch of Christianity, Coptic Christianity, because it was cut off from other Christians due to a large Muslim presence in Africa.
Axum
Shi’ite philosopher and cleric who led the overthrow of the shah of Iran in 1979 and created an Islamic Republic of Iran.
Ayatollah Khomeini
Shiite religious leader of Iran, led the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran and ordered the invasion of the US Embassy.
Ayatollah Khomeini
(1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshiped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor.
Aztecs
Also known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax.
Aztecs
First sultan of the Mughal Empire; took lots of land in India.
Babur
The largest and most important city in Mesopotamia. It achieved particular eminence as the capital of the king Hammurabi in the eighteenth century B.C.E. and the Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar in the sixth century B.C.E. (p. 29)
Babylon
Empire in Mesopotamia which was formed by Hammurabi, the sixth ruler of the invading Amorites
Babylonian Empire
Distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong (especially in Europe).
Balance of Power
Statement issued by Britain’s Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour in 1917 favoring the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine.
Balfour Declaration
geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe. Greece and the region North of Greece.
Balkans
Various peoples in this area of Eastern Europe rebelled against Ottoman rule, contributing to their imperial decline.
Balkans
A major African language family. Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages. Famous for migrations throughout central and southern Africa.
Bantu
The people who spread throughout Africa spreading agriculture, language, and iron.
Bantu
The movement of the Bantu peoples southward throughout Africa, spreading their language and culture, from around 500 b.c. to around A.D 1000
Bantu migration
Major Western artistic style from 1500s to 1700s. Climactic, dramatic, dark vs. usage, shocking/ gruesome
baroque
Portuguese navigator that discovered the Cape of Good Hope in Southern Afica.
Bartholomew Dias
First bishop of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. He devoted most of his life to protecting Amerindian peoples from exploitation. His major achievement was the New Laws of 1542, which limited the ability of Spanish settlers to compel Amerindians to labor.
Bartolome de Las Casas
Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean.
Bartolomeu Dias
16th Century. The Safavids vs the Ottomans; Ottomans won, and this symbolized the two greatest world powers at the time clashing together; religious war (Shi’ites Vs. Sunnis).
Battle of Chaldiran
(1066 CE) The Norman invasion of England; this was the largest battle.
Battle of Hastings
(1071 CE) Saljuq Turks defeat Byzantine armies in this battle in Anatolia; shows the declining power of Byzantium.
Battle of Manzikert
U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in the pacific theater of World War II.
Battle of Midway
(732 CE) European victory over Muslims. It halted Muslim movement into Western Europe.
Battle of Tours
Dates that countdown backwards to the year zero.
BCE
China’s northern capital, first used as an imperial capital in 906 and now the capital of the People’s Republic of China.
Beijing
King Leopold II of this country acquired the massive territory of the Congo as his own private possession, which became one of the most brutal episodes of African colonial history and has left violent legacy in places like Congo and Rwanda today.
Belgium
Region of northeastern India. It was the first part of India to be conquered by the British in the eighteenth century and remained the political and economic center of British India throughout the nineteenth century. Today this region includes part of Eastern India and all of Bangladesh.
Bengal
Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.
Benito Mussolini
Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.
Benito Mussolini
Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and created Fascism
Benito Mussolini
American intellectual, inventor, and politician He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution.
Benjamin Franklin
supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin, which was located in the middle of Russian controlled East Germany.
Berlin Airlift
Soviet blocking of Berlin from allies; Causing the Berlin Airlift
Berlin Blockade
A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa.
Berlin Conference
Conference that German chancellor Otto von Bismarck called to set rules for the partition of Africa. It led to the creation of the Congo Free State under King Leopold II of Belgium.
Berlin Conference
In 1884, European powers met in Germany for this gathering. They created a plan for dividing up the remaining territory in Africa.
Berlin Conference
A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West.
Berlin Wall
A book in popular Hinduism that was a response to Buddhism and made reaching moksha way easier.
Bhagavad Gita
The most important work of Indian sacred literature, a dialogue between the great warrior Arjuna and the god Krishna on duty and the fate of the spirit.
Bhagavad-Gita
The holy book of Christians.
Bible
Cosmological model that explains the sudden development of the universe through expansion from a hot, dense state.
Big Bang Theory
The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons.
Black Death
This body of water is North of present-day Turkey. http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3529/3278977531_f628aa09e2.jpg
Black Sea
In 1763, British soldiers fighting native Americans in the Pontiac War, are famously accused of giving _______ infected with small pox to the natives. This has been suggested as an early example of germ warfare.
blankets
A enlightened being who put off nirvana to come back and help others become enlightened.
Boddhisatva
Lasting from 1899 to 1902, Dutch colonists and the British competed for control of territory in South Africa.
Boer War
Radical Marxist political party founded by Vladimir Lenin in 1903. They eventually seized power in Russia in 1917.
Bolsheviks
The Marxist revolutionaries who eventually gain control of Russia in 1917.
Bolsheviks
A European Royal family that is most known for its rule of France from the 16th through the 18th centuries.
Bourbon
A social class that derives social and economic power from employment, education, and wealth, as opposed to the inherited power of aristocratic family of titled land owners or feudal privileges. It’s a term for the middle class common in the 19th century. It’s characterized by their ownership of property and their related culture.
Bourgeoisie
In early modern Europe, the class of well-off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, commerce, and allied professions.
bourgeoisie
1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the “foreign devils”. The rebellion was ended by British troops.
Boxer Rebellion
