Chapter 2/3

Question 1

Legalism

Answer 1

In many of the states, bureaucrats expanded in number and function. Codes of law were written down. Governments collected taxes from the peasants directly, imposed standardized money, and managed large scale public work projects. The wealth and power of the state were justified by an authoritarian political philosophy that came to be called Legalism. Legalist thinkers maintained that human nature is essentially wicked and that people behave in an orderly fashion only if compelled by strict laws and harsh punishments. Legalists believed that every aspect of human society ought to be controlled and personal freedom sacrificed for the good of the state.

Question 2

Confucianism

Answer 2

The governments of the major Zhou states took over many of the traditional functions of the aristocracy. To maintain there influence, aristocrats sought a new role as advisors to the rulers. One who lived in the political flux and social change of this anxious time was Kongzi- known as Confucius by the West. He came from one of the smaller states so he had not been successful at obtaining administrative posts. His