Mid term 1 Ch 1-7

Question 1

Both the Qin and Han Dynasties had

Answer 1

A strong central govt.

Question 2

Sedentary agriculture started here

Answer 2

In SW Asia 1st, but developed independently in other places

Question 3

A Classical Empire located in S Asia was

Answer 3

The Mauryan

Question 4

What Mauryan and Gupta empires demonstrated in India

Answer 4

Interruption in its political control marked by regional kingdoms

Question 5

The highest Hindu caste in India

Answer 5

The Brahmans

Question 6

The Jewish faith did not include what

Answer 6

The 8 fold path

Question 7

The Egyptians were to the Nile as the Chinese were to this

Answer 7

The Yellow River

Question 8

Mediterranean agriculture under the Greeks and Romans came to rely heavily these

Answer 8

Imported grain “stuffs” and the exports of cash crops

Question 9

Why long distance trade flourished in the classical societies

Answer 9

The imperial powers kept trade routes safe and secure.

Question 10

Why the development of agriculture led to an increase in population

Answer 10

The stable source allowed for more permanent homes and larger families.

Question 11

The least likely type of government in a greek polls would be this

Answer 11

Theocracy

Question 12

What does the Chinese system of “The Mandate of Heaven” refer to?

Answer 12

The power granted to the ruler from the Heavens

Question 13

What Hinduism and Buddhism have in common.

Answer 13

Reincarnation

Question 14

The Grand Canal joins theses two major rivers in China

Answer 14

The Yellow and the Yangtze

Question 15

The Bantu migrations weren’t factored by this

Answer 15

Desertification

Question 16

Why trade routes were particularly extensive in Eurasia

Answer 16

A wide variety of communities from Europe to E Asia had to be connected by them

Question 17

The strongest competitor to sedentary agriculture during neolithic age was

Answer 17

Pastoralism or a nomadic herding way of life

Question 18

Economically, Classical Empires and cultures

Answer 18

They remained largely agricultural but had considerable commercial contacts

Question 19

How the Neolithic revolution influenced gender roles

Answer 19

Work outside the house was highly valued

Question 20

What resulted from Alexander the Great’s invasion of India

Answer 20

The rise of the Mauryan’s and the spread of Buddhism to Central Asia

Question 21

Beginning/Cause of neolithic revolution

Answer 21

known as the New Stone age which followed the paleolithic or old stone age, the neolithic revolution was a agricultural boom during this period. The agricultural revolution began some 10,000 years ago. the domestication of animals and plants for food was becoming more common independently around the globe. this transitions from gathering to producing took place over 100s of years. most likely was cause by forager bands scattering seeds and clearing weeds to encourage grow of foods they liked. In the Middle east they discovered that planting crops with addible seeds help maintain fertility. the domestication of animals soon gave milk, wool, meat, and energy. some also speculate the cause of the revolutions was a change in climate making hunting harder making plant and animal domestication favorable.

Question 22

Ending of Neolithic revolution.

Answer 22

Pastoralism, a grazing-livestock dependent lifestyle replaced farmers who migrated southward.

Question 23

Why agricultural development led to high population

Answer 23

a stable food source allowed for bigger family that would usually own farms in turn producing more food leading to more families leading to more farms.

Question 24

Neolithic Influence on Gender roles

Answer 24

Before the agricultural revolution hunter gatherers were seen as more favorable than jobs in home. men usually hunted and women were in the house making it a mans world. also during the agric. rev. most men were farmers who were the highest contributors to food.

Question 25

Effect of agricultural surpluses during Neolithic Age

Answer 25

Higher populations
stable communities
led to trade

Question 26

Ending of bronze age

Answer 26

The Hittite kingdom of Anatolia came crashing down after invaders attacked Hattusha. the tide of destruction kept moving south . this caused the end of the cosmopolitan world of the late bronze age. this then was transitions into the Dark Age which brought poverty, isolation, and loss of knowledge including Linear B Tablets.

Question 27

-similarities among river valley civilizations

Answer 27

• all were very prosperous in agricultural because of fertile silt overflow.
• had good harvests

Question 28

-Huang-He (Yellow) River

Answer 28

made easy E to W movement
Asian winds bring deposits of loess a brown-yellow dust, which gave yellow river its name.
lack of compactness of ground caused great earthquake dangers.

Question 29

-How priests developed considerable social power

Answer 29

Most civilizations revolved greatly around religion which gave priest a lot of influence in the societies they’re in.
had power to influence minds of followers of the religion
Priests were hereditary meaning that the families shared views that stuck for a while.
ancient amulets show the belief and importance of magic in early civilizations.

Question 30

-Why rivers were considered so important to the development of first civilizations

Answer 30

Allowed civilizations to be self-sufficient with no import reliance. great fertile plains allowed great trade with surrounding civilizations making river centered civilizations a

Question 31

-Why Indus civilization still somewhat of a mystery to archeologists

Answer 31

The writing system is still not deciphered. known as dravidian language.

Question 32

Confucianism

Answer 32

the feelings between family members
universal ideal of benevolence toward all humanity, which was believed to be the foundation of a moral govt.
emphasized benevolence, avoidance of violence, justice, rationalism, loyalty, and dignity.
optimistic views on humanity
very little influence during his time period.

Question 33

-Daoism

Answer 33

school of thought arising during the warring states period.
Dao=path
Daoists take the world as its given
go with the flow
avoid violence

Question 34

Legalism

Answer 34

wealth and power of the state was justified by a political philosophy called legalism.
legalists believed human nature is essentially wicked
and that humans only behave if under strict laws and harsh punishments.
every aspect of human society must be controlled

Question 35

Religions/belief systems giving women access to spiritual salvation

Answer 35

Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Judaism, Jainism

Question 36

How Chinese belief systems differed from Hinduism and polytheism

Answer 36

Chinese belief systems were less focused on dietyies but more on ways of living life. ex confuiciosm and Daoism

Question 37

Similarities/differences between Buddhism and Hinduism

Answer 37

similarities: polytheism, reincarnation
differences: B=way of living. no belief in creator H= extreme devotion to deities.

Question 38

Social hierarchies of Hinduism and Confucianism

Answer 38

H
Brahmin,Kshatriya, Vaisha
C
Family hierarchy

Question 39

Buddhism

Answer 39

Far more significant that other religions in Indian history buddhism was most influential. its based of the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, or “Buddha”/the enlightened one. Made “4 noble truths” 1. life is suffering 2. suffering arises form desire. 3. the solution to suffering lies in curbing desire. 4. desire can be curbed if a person follows the” 8 fold path”.right views, aspirations, speech, conduct, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and meditation. followers would take vows of celibacy, nonviolence, and poverty.
Buddhism didn’t deny the presence of gods. it just didn’t see there value in a persons own salvation. Nirvana is the overall goal. being released from the rebirth cycle. when buddha died he told his followers to be their own lamps. speed through out India into Central, SE, and E Asia. hierarchy of buddhist monks and nuns came into play.
Mahayana= accepts new features of buddhism
Theravada= sticks to old ways. thus caused conflicts.

Question 40

• Qin Dynasty
• doctrine sponsored by Qin to support its state
• groups alienated by Qin Dynasty
• Han Dynasty

Answer 40

first unifying empire
after warring states period.
China comes from Qin
totalitarian structure that subordinated the individual needs of the states
publicly burned books to symbolize separation from the past
abolished slavery and replaced it with free peasantry that had to pay taxes and provide labor as well as military service to the state.
standardization, of weights, measures, coinage, uniform law code, a common system of writing, and regulation axel length on carts.
built a lot of roads and canals

Question 41

• Han Dynasty
• roles/social position of women
• similarities with Qin Dynasty

Answer 41

Lui bang outlasted his rivals and created Han dynasty
Legalist Govt.
Wu made military expansions
central govt. run by prime minister, a civil service director, 9 ministers with military, economic, legal, and religions responsibilities

Question 42

-Mandate of Heaven

Answer 42

Created by Zhou dynasty. said heaven chose ruler

ruler was at the center of govt. and society

Question 43

• Caste system in India

- highest Hindu caste

Answer 43

skin color has been a persistent concern in Indian society
4 classes (1)Brahmin=priests and scholars (2)Kshatriya= warriors and officials(3)Vaisha=merchants, artisans, and landowners(4)Shudra=peasants and laborers~(5)~=the untouchables, excluded from class system, and avoided at all costs. their jobs were the unwanted ones. sweeping away crematory ashes, and skinning dead animals.
myth were a primordial creature was sacrificed and his body parts turned into the different class divisions.
to further divide pop. people were divided into jati, or birth groups ( castes). jati ate and lived together. did everything with ones jati.
connected with spread of reincarnation

Question 44

-How collapse of Roman Empire differed from the end of classical civilizations
in China and India

Answer 44

R=ideology

C/I=Persuasion and force

Question 45

-Types of government in Greek poli (city-states)

Answer 45

sparta=military based govt.

athens=far from democracy. monopoly

Question 46

-Patriarchal society, definition of

Answer 46

A patriarchal society is one whereby men are the decision-makers and hold positions of power and prestige, and have the power to define reality and common situations.

Question 47

How slavery in Rome differed from slavery in classical Greece, India, or China

Answer 47

slavery in rome was indispensable
such bad treatment of roman slaves caused a slave revolt

in other civilizations less slave more house maid (nanny)