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Botony > Wood and Bark and Leaves > Flashcards

Wood and Bark and Leaves Flashcards

1
Q

Wood

A

Secondary xylem

  • Conducts water
  • Stores water and carbs
  • Support
  • Accumulates
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2
Q

Vascular cambium

A

adds secondary phloem and xylem

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3
Q

Phellogen

A

yields the periderm

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4
Q

Fusiform Initials

A

Produce axial system

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5
Q

Ray Initials

A

Give rise to rays in xylem and phloem

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6
Q

Axial System

A

Cells w/ vertical axes

  • Comes from fusiform initials
  • Includes bulk of wood, vessel elements, tracheids, fibers, parenchyma
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7
Q

Radial System

A
  • Consists of rays
  • Made of ray parenchyma cells w/ horizontal axes
  • Comes from ray initials
  • Allows for horizontal movement of food and water
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8
Q

Gymnosperm Wood

A

Conifers, pine trees, fir trees, etc

-Simple axial system (tracheids w/ large bordered pits and resin ducts)

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9
Q

Angiosperm Wood

A

Flowering plant and trees and shrubs

-Complex axial system (tracheids, vessel elements, fibers, axial parenchyma)

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10
Q

Spring (early) wood

A

Water abundant so vessels are numerous and wide in diameter

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11
Q

Summer (late) Wood

A

Less water so fewer vessels and narrower

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12
Q

Sap Wood

A
  • Secondary xylem accumulates but only 2-3 years are functional
  • Functional xylem conducts water but non-conducting can cause infection
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13
Q

Heartwood

A

Non-functional wood that no longer conducts water and needs to be sealed off
-may store wastes and change color

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14
Q

Tyloses

A

Parenchyma cells next to vessel elements

-Grow through pit and block off old vessel elements

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15
Q

Gummosis

A

Parenchyma cells next to vessel elements

-Secrete gum into vessel elements

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16
Q

Upper Epidermis

A

Thicker cuticle
No stomata
UV protection
Prevent dessication

17
Q

Lower Epidermis

A

Thinner cuticle
Abundant stomata
Allow for gas exchange

18
Q

Mesophyll

A

Ground tissue of leaf

-divided into palisade and spongy parenchyma

19
Q

Palisade parenchyma

A

Upper mesophyll
Lotta chloroplasts
-light gathering and photosynthesis

20
Q

Spongy parenchyma

A

Lower mesophyll
Huge intercellular spaces
-gas exchange

21
Q

Floating leaves

A

Stomata on upper epidermis

  • thin cuticle
  • lots of spongy mesophyll
22
Q

Submerged leaves

A

No stomata or cuticle
Reduced xylem
Often 2 cell layers thick

23
Q

Sporophylls

A

Reproductive leaves

24
Q

Heterophylly

A

Single plant with different shaped leaves

25
Q

Spines

A

Protective organs

-Have bud while thorns do not

26
Q

Tendrils

A

Support

Can be leaf or stem (look for bud)

Botony (12 decks)

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