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Botony > Plant Cells > Flashcards

Plant Cells Flashcards

1
Q

The cell contains

A

Cell wall
Membrane (plasmalemma)
Protoplasm

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2
Q

Membrane function

A

Selectively permeable

Compartmentalization

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3
Q

Membrane structure

A

Phospholipid bilayer

Embedded with: enzymes, proteins, pigments

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4
Q

Protoplasm

A

cytoplasm + nucleus

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The living substance of a cell

-Cytosol and organelles

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6
Q

Cytosol

A

The goo around organelles

Includes: Proteins and enzymes, carbs, and minerals and ions

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7
Q

Tonoplast

A

Single membrane around vacuole

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8
Q

Size of vacuole

A

up to 90% of cell’s volume

-reason why plant cells are larger than animal cells

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9
Q

Cell sap

A

fills vacuole

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10
Q

Vacuole Function

A
  1. Maintain Turgor pressure

2. Storage of materials and wastes (often crystallized)

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11
Q

Plastid structure

A
  • Double membrane bound organelles

- Small, circular chromosomes of DNA

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12
Q

Chloroplast

A
  • Plastid

- Green, used for photosynthesis

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13
Q

Chromoplast

A
  • Plastid

- Not green, attract pollinators

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14
Q

Leucoplast

A
  • Colorless

- Includes proplastid, amyloplast, Elaioplast

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15
Q

Proplastid

A

Babies that can become any plastid

-Leucoplast

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16
Q

Amyloplast

A

Stores starch

-Leucoplast

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17
Q

Elaioplast

A

Stores oil

-Leucoplast

18
Q

Chloroplast structure

A

Outer membrane
Thylakoid (inner membrane)
Stroma

19
Q

Stroma

A

plasatid goo that contains enzymes, carbs, etc

20
Q

Grana

A

Folded stacks of thylakoid

  • Binds chlorophyll, pigments, and enzymes
  • Helps with photosynthesis
21
Q

Cytoskeleton Structure

A

Flexible, protein network running throughout the cell

-Actin filaments and microtubules

22
Q

Cytoskeleton function

A
  • Anchors organelles
  • Road for organelles to move
  • Spindle apparatus
  • Cytokinesis
  • Governs direction of cell growth and elongation
23
Q

Cell Wall

A

Rigid outer layer of plant cell composed mainly of polysaccharides

24
Q

Primary Cell wall function

A
  • Limits size and shape of cell

- Prevents rupture due to uptake of water

25
Q

Chemical Composition of Primary cell wall

A

Polysaccharides

- Pectin
- Hemicellulose
- Cellulose
26
Q

Pectin

A
  • Very hydrophilic polysaccharide
  • Glue that holds 2 cells together
  • Forms middle lamella
  • Primary cell wall only
27
Q

Middle Lamella

A

Pectin rich region b/w 2 cell walls

28
Q

Cellulose structure

A
  • Consists of long chains of glucose
  • Bonds b/w them are indigestible
  • Bound in microfibrils
29
Q

Microfibrils

A

Several strands of cellulose twisted together like a rope

30
Q

Hemicellulose structure

A

Glucose molecules with side chains

31
Q

Hemicellulose function

A

Hydrogen bond to microfibrils

Cross link microfibrils

32
Q

Cellulose Synthase

A

Enzyme embedded in plasmalemma

33
Q

Cellulose Synthase function

A

Joins glucose units into cellulose chains
Twines several cellulose chains into microfibrils
Forms cellulose portion of cell wall

34
Q

Wall Proper

A

Cellulosic portion of primary cell wall

35
Q

Primary Pit Fields

A

Thin areas of primary wall

Crossed by plasmodesmata

36
Q

Plasmodesmata Structure

A

Pores (lined with cell membrane) through primary cell wall

  • Strands of cytoplasm flow through
  • Connects cytoplasm of one cell to the next
  • Cytoplasmic sleeve
  • Desmotubule
37
Q

Plasmodesmata function

A

cell communication

38
Q

Secondary cell wall structure

A

Laid down to inside of primary cell wall after cell has stopped growth and elongation
-3 layers and very thick

39
Q

Secondary cell wall composition

A
  • Mostly cellulose

- Lignin but no pectin

40
Q

Lignin

A

Exceedingly hard and hydrophobic

Botony (12 decks)

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