Plant Cells

Question 1

The cell contains

Answer 1

Cell wall
Membrane (plasmalemma)
Protoplasm

Question 2

Membrane function

Answer 2

Selectively permeable

Compartmentalization

Question 3

Membrane structure

Answer 3

Phospholipid bilayer

Embedded with: enzymes, proteins, pigments

Question 4

Protoplasm

Answer 4

cytoplasm + nucleus

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

The living substance of a cell

-Cytosol and organelles

Question 6

Cytosol

Answer 6

The goo around organelles

Includes: Proteins and enzymes, carbs, and minerals and ions

Question 7

Tonoplast

Answer 7

Single membrane around vacuole

Question 8

Size of vacuole

Answer 8

up to 90% of cell’s volume

-reason why plant cells are larger than animal cells

Question 9

Cell sap

Answer 9

fills vacuole

Question 10

Vacuole Function

Answer 10

1. Maintain Turgor pressure

2. Storage of materials and wastes (often crystallized)

Question 11

Plastid structure

Answer 11

• Double membrane bound organelles

- Small, circular chromosomes of DNA

Question 12

Chloroplast

Answer 12

• Plastid

- Green, used for photosynthesis

Question 13

Chromoplast

Answer 13

• Plastid

- Not green, attract pollinators

Question 14

Leucoplast

Answer 14

• Colorless

- Includes proplastid, amyloplast, Elaioplast

Question 15

Proplastid

Answer 15

Babies that can become any plastid

-Leucoplast

Question 16

Amyloplast

Answer 16

Stores starch

-Leucoplast

Question 17

Elaioplast

Answer 17

Stores oil

-Leucoplast

Question 18

Chloroplast structure

Answer 18

Outer membrane
Thylakoid (inner membrane)
Stroma

Question 19

Stroma

Answer 19

plasatid goo that contains enzymes, carbs, etc

Question 20

Grana

Answer 20

Folded stacks of thylakoid

• Binds chlorophyll, pigments, and enzymes
• Helps with photosynthesis

Question 21

Cytoskeleton Structure

Answer 21

Flexible, protein network running throughout the cell

-Actin filaments and microtubules

Question 22

Cytoskeleton function

Answer 22

• Anchors organelles
• Road for organelles to move
• Spindle apparatus
• Cytokinesis
• Governs direction of cell growth and elongation

Question 23

Cell Wall

Answer 23

Rigid outer layer of plant cell composed mainly of polysaccharides

Question 24

Primary Cell wall function

Answer 24

• Limits size and shape of cell

- Prevents rupture due to uptake of water

Question 25

Chemical Composition of Primary cell wall

Answer 25

Polysaccharides - Pectin - Hemicellulose - Cellulose

Question 26

Pectin

Answer 26

- Very hydrophilic polysaccharide - Glue that holds 2 cells together - Forms middle lamella - Primary cell wall only

Question 27

Middle Lamella

Answer 27

Pectin rich region b/w 2 cell walls

Question 28

Cellulose structure

Answer 28

- Consists of long chains of glucose - Bonds b/w them are indigestible - Bound in microfibrils

Question 29

Microfibrils

Answer 29

Several strands of cellulose twisted together like a rope

Question 30

Hemicellulose structure

Answer 30

Glucose molecules with side chains

Question 31

Hemicellulose function

Answer 31

Hydrogen bond to microfibrils | Cross link microfibrils

Question 32

Cellulose Synthase

Answer 32

Enzyme embedded in plasmalemma

Question 33

Cellulose Synthase function

Answer 33

Joins glucose units into cellulose chains Twines several cellulose chains into microfibrils Forms cellulose portion of cell wall

Question 34

Wall Proper

Answer 34

Cellulosic portion of primary cell wall

Question 35

Primary Pit Fields

Answer 35

Thin areas of primary wall | Crossed by plasmodesmata

Question 36

Plasmodesmata Structure

Answer 36

Pores (lined with cell membrane) through primary cell wall - Strands of cytoplasm flow through - Connects cytoplasm of one cell to the next - Cytoplasmic sleeve - Desmotubule

Question 37

Plasmodesmata function

Answer 37

cell communication

Question 38

Secondary cell wall structure

Answer 38

Laid down to inside of primary cell wall after cell has stopped growth and elongation -3 layers and very thick

Question 39

Secondary cell wall composition

Answer 39

- Mostly cellulose | - Lignin but no pectin

Question 40

Lignin

Answer 40

Exceedingly hard and hydrophobic