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Angiosperms Flashcards

1
Q

Angiosperm characteristics

A 
Sp Div-1st
Dominant vegetation
-Siphonogomy
-Double fertilization
-Covered seeds 
-Flowers and fruit
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2
Q

Unique angiosperm features (4)

A

Xylem w/ vessel elements and phloem w/ sieve tubes

  • Flowers and fruit
  • Female gametophyte reduced to embryo sac
  • Double fertilization
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3
Q

Flower

A

Modified reproductive shoot

  • Stem=receptacle
  • bearing 4 floral whorls
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4
Q

4 Floral Whorls

A
  1. Sepals
  2. Petals
  3. Stamens
  4. Carpels
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5
Q

Receptacle

A

Stem of flower (small disk)

-area where flower parts attach

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6
Q

Sepals

A

Outermost whorl

  • Usually green
  • Enclose other whorls in bud
  • Prevent desiccation
  • Calyx
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7
Q

Calyx

A

Collective term for sepals

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8
Q

Petals

A

2nd whorl

  • Attraction
  • Corolla
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9
Q

Corolla

A

Collective term for petals

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10
Q

Perianth

A

Collective term for calyx and corolla

-Non reproductive whorls

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11
Q

Stamens

A
  • 3rd floral whorl
  • Microsporophylls
  • Filament-Stalk
  • Anther
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12
Q

Anther

A

Stamen

  • Sac w/ microsporangium
  • Makes pollen
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13
Q

Microsporophylls

A

Leaf bearing microsporangia

-Stamen

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14
Q

Carpel

A

4th floral whorl

  • Megasporophyll that has folded up and encloses ovule
  • Stigma-receives pollen
  • Syle-pollen tube grows down this stalk
  • Ovary-houses ovule
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15
Q
  1. Monocot trend

2. Dicot trend

A
  1. Flower parts come in 3’s

2. Flower parts come in 4’s or 5’s

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16
Q

a-

A

1 or more whorls is missing

  • uni sexual flowers
  • Staminate or Pistilate
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17
Q
  1. Staminate

2. Pistilate

A
  1. Stamens but no carpel (male)

2. Carpels but no stamen (female)

18
Q

Fruit

A

Mature ovary bearing seeds

-Develops after fertilization

19
Q

Pericarp

A

Fruit wall

20
Q

Exocarp

A

Outerlayer of fruit

-peel, skin, rind

21
Q

Mesocarp

A

Middle layer of fruit

-Fleshy and yummy

22
Q

Endocarp

A

Inner layer of fruit

-often hardened or “absent” (pit)

23
Q

Layers of fruit (4)

A

Pericarp, exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp

24
Q

Fleshy fruits

A

Fleshy mesocarp
Meant to be eaten so animals disperse seeds
-Berry-basic form of fleshy fruit
-Drupe

25
Q

Drupe

A

Variation of berry w/ stony endocarp (pit), one seed

-cherry, almond, olive

26
Q

Dry Fruits

A

Hard pericarp

  • Endocarp usually “absent”
  • Dehiscent or Indehiscent
27
Q

Dehiscent (Dry) Fruit

A

Breaks open by itself to release seeds

  • Many seeds per fruit
  • Seed is unit of dispersal
28
Q

Indehiscent (Dry) Fruit

A

Do not break open

  • Fruit is unit of dispersal
  • Fluff (dandelion)
  • Helicopter wings
  • Hooks and spines
  • Achene and Samara
29
Q

Achene

A

Basic indehiscent fruit (sunflower seeds)

-Shell is pericarp and seed is fruit

30
Q

Samara

A

Winged achene

31
Q

Aggregates

A

Fruits from an apocarpous flower

  • Each carpel develops into fruit
  • Yields aggregate of fruitlets
  • Rasberry
32
Q

Fusion

A
  • Parts free

- Parts fused: conation and adnation

33
Q

Parts Free

A

Parts not fused to each other
apo-
-Apocarpy-carpels aren’t fused (blackberry)

34
Q

Conation

A

Fusion of like parts (petal to petal)

Syn- or sym-

35
Q

Adnation

A

Fusion of unlike parts

-Stamens to petals is common

36
Q

Actinomorphic Symmetry

A

Radially symmetric

-All planes can be divided into equal halves

37
Q

Zygomorphic Symmetry

A

Bilateral symmetry

-Can be divided into equal halves of only one plane

38
Q

Inflourescence

A

Group of flowers

39
Q

Embryo Sac Structure

A

Reduced female gametophyte

  • Reduced to 7 cells and 8 nuclei
  • Lacks archegonia
  • Egg apparatus
  • Central cell
  • Antipodal cells
40
Q

Function of embryo cells

A

Synergids- attract pollen tube

  • Egg cell gets fertilized to make embryo
  • Polar nuclei-fertilized to produce endosperm
  • Antipods-unknown
41
Q

3 Steps of Reproduction

A
  1. Pollination
  2. Germination
  3. Double Fertilization

Botony (12 decks)

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