Women under Stalin

Question 1

in 1930s stalin reverted to

Answer 1

more traditional policies

Question 2

why did Stalin revert to traditional policies

Answer 2

• fall in population growth ( not helped by the purges, nor the living conditions on the collectives and in the komunalki, also fears of the war)

Question 3

The ‘family’ became the focus of a new propaganda wave in which Stalin was presented as?

Answer 3

Stalin presented as a father figure and ideal ‘family man’ and divorce and abortion were attacked

Question 4

the importance of marriage was re-emphasised, what was reintroduced ?

Answer 4

wedding rings and new-style wedding certificates were issued

Question 5

films and art, women portrayed in a new way, less the muscular, plainly dressed women who helped to build soviet Russia in the 1920s instead?

Answer 5

more feminine family women with adoring children

Question 6

From 1936, number of measures introduced towards women which reversed the earlier changes, this included? (fees)

Answer 6

large fees= to deter divorce, added penalty that men would be expected to contribute 60% of their income in child support

Question 7

what else was introduced ? (adultery)

Answer 7

adultery was criminalised (names of male offenders published in the press)

Question 8

what was introduced under Stalin? (contraception)

Answer 8

contraception was banned and only permitted on medical grounds

Question 9

financial incentives were offered for large families (to encourage childbirth) e.g

Answer 9

tax exemptions were granted for families with 6 or more
there were bonus payments for every additional child to ten in the family

Question 10

despite new emphasis on family life, and encouragement for women to give up paid employment when married many?

Answer 10

continued to work

Question 11

the number of female industrial workers grew from?

Answer 11

3 million in 1928 to 13 million in 1940

Question 12

by 1940 what percentage of the industrial workforce was female?

Answer 12

43%

Question 13

number of women in education over 1940s

Answer 13

doubled during this period and large numbers of women worked on the collective farms

Question 14

on average earned how much less than men

Answer 14

40% less than men, and higher administrative posts were mostly held by men

Question 15

divorce rate stiller amines high how much in Moscow?

Answer 15

37% in 1934

Question 16

how many abortions ?

Answer 16

there were over 150,000 abortions to every 57,000 live births

Question 17

although the encouragement to traditional marriage meant that in 1937?

Answer 17

in 1937 91% of men and 92% if women in their thirties were married

Question 18

1928-40 saw a ?

Answer 18

falling rate in population growth