education under Lenin Flashcards
education was seen as crucial in building a socialist society. What did Lenin set up? what did this provide?
The commissariat of the Enlightenment
this provided free education at all levels in coeducational schools
what old system was abolished and what was it replaced with?
the old secondary gimnazii were abolished
replaced by new secondary schools which combined general education and vocational training = at both primary and secondary level traditional learning was combined with physical work
during the 1920s, most schools abolished?
Why?
abolished textbooks and examinations
largely because there were insufficient textbooks written within a communist framework
what was permitted and what was banned?
- a fair amount of freedom, creativity and individualism was permitted
- physical punishment was banned
Each child was to receive ?
9 years of free, universal education
Lenin did not believe that education should be ?
‘politically neutral’ , aim to combine education and political propaganda
the 1919 party programme defined schools as ?
‘an instrument for the communist transformation of society’
even learning alphabets could carry a political message: e.g
A= all power to the soviets
B=bolsheviks
simple rhymes spelt out the achievements of soviet power
pupils were to be cleansed of ?
‘bourgeois’ ideas
schools were placed under?
The commissariat for Enlightenment, head of the commissariat was Lunacharsky
Lunacharsky was interested in?
progressive Western teaching ideas e.g the importance of work and play
between 1919-1920 schools were encouraged to do what under Lunacharsky?
encouraged to follow a more liberal line focusing on the development of the child’s personality
The authority of teachers were?
authority of teachers= reduced
they were designed as ‘school worker’ who shared administrative control with committees drawn from older pupils and factory workers
Teachers were forbidden to?
discipline pupils
set homework and examinations
on the whole the new school system?
failed
the vast majority of teachers were not communist.
How many in primary schools were communist?
3.1% in primary schools
the vast majority of teachers were not communist.
How many in secondary schools were communist?
5.5 %
teachers in primary and secondary schools had a poor understanding of?
This meant teaching?
progressive methods and did not know what to expect of them
this meant teaching went on as much as it had done before the revolution , only worse because teacher had lost their authority
As a result of the failures of the more liberal approach what happened? What was introduced in 1921?
the more liberal approach was abandoned and more traditional methods restored with the introduction of the NEP in 1921
Under the NEP, financial pressures meant that?
the idea of universal schooling had to be abandoned , many children left school
by 1923 the numbers of schools and pupils were?
barely half the totals of two years earlier
schools did not have?
proper resources and the teachers were very badly paid
1925= teachers received a fraction of an industrial worker’s pay
-lasting legacy of failing standards and failure of authority in many schools
