national minorities Flashcards
The bolsheviks come to power with the support of the ethnic minorities , what had they promised them?
in what decree was this pledge fulfilled?
they had promised national self-determination
this pledge was fulfilled by their decree of November 1917
-although this encouraged separatist movements, particularly in Finland, the Baltic and the Caucasus
when did Finland opt to become an independent state
in 1917
what was set up in Ukraine?
an elected dada (parliament ) was set up
whether or not to force the integration of the minorities provoked heated debate within the party
in this Lenin stood by his principles throughout arguing?
although in the difficult circumstances of the civil war, the regime could not lose the Ukraine or Georgia
In Stalin’s reign he did not hesitate to ?
repress harshly the attempts at independence in his native province
nevertheless all major nationalities including the jews were given?
what were soviet jews given in 1926?
separate representation within the communist party
in 1926 Jews were given a special ‘national homeland’ settlement in which they could maintain their cultural heritage
by 1941 how much of the region’s population was Jewish?
1/4 of the population
early communists promoted literacy campaigns which encouraged?
the use of national langauges
in 1917 what was abolished
all anti-semitic laws were abolished in 1917
yiddish became an acceptable language, although Hebrew with its religious connotations did not
Stalinist policy in the 1920s veered towards?
greater centralisation and less tolerance of the ethnic groups
Stalin sought to create?
a single ‘soviet identity’
Nationalism meant ?
Russian nationalism and the leaders of the different republics that formed the USSR were purged as ‘bourgeois nationalists’
in the red army what language was used?
Russian language was the only language used in the Russia army
despite the propaganda which proclaimed the ‘family of nations’ embracing variety of different people
Russians firmly at the head
What did Stalin begin for non-Russians in 1930s
deportations
deportations before 1941 consisted mostly of
internal, forced migrations
started with the Finns (1923-31 and 1935-39)
in 1937 Koreans in the far east of Russia were?
What ddi Stalin do to Central Asia?
deported
Stalin divided Central Asia into 5 separate republics = forced the migration of muslim ethnic groups, to weaken any loyalty to a single muslim state
during Stalin’s period, the decade saw what revive?
anti-semitic attitudes revive, especially in rural areas during campaigns against ‘saboteurs’
As a result of the invasion of Eastern Poland and the Baltic republics how many jews were incorporated into the Soviet Union 1939-40 ?
2 million jews were incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1939-40
- many rabbis and religious leaders were arrested in these areas
however, Stalin’s state remained officially opposed to?
opposed to racial discrimination and inter-marriage was welcomed as a way of assimilating the different national groups
- most of the campaigns of the period were politically rather than racially motivated
