Women and Children Flashcards
Fascists indoctrinate youth to be —–
homo fascitus (to serve nation selflessly)
When was the Battle for Births introduced
1927
Name X3 policies introduced as part of the Battle for Births
Abortion and contraception banned
Taxes for unmarried men increase
Ban on homosexuality (1931)
Name X4 incentives introduced under the Battle for Births
Married couples w 6 children have no tax
Family allowances and marriage loans
Reduction in number of school places for women
Jobs promotion in civil service only to fertile married men
What was the aim for the Battle for Births?
Increase population from 40mil to 60mil by 1950
When was there a 10% cap on women in most industries introduced?
1938
What company sacked all women?
State Railway company
Was the Battle for Births a success for marriage?
no - marriage rates stagnated
Was the Battle for Births a success for birth rates?
not really - BR continues to decline until 1936
1911 BR
147 births per 1000
Late 1930s BR
102 birthers per 1000
Was the attempt to reduce women in workforce successful?
Partially - but still made up 1/3 of industrial workforce in mid 1930s
Down on 3% in 15yrs
When was handshake replaced by military salute as standard greeting in civil service?
1932
PNF didn’t exclude women from stereotypical employment e.g teaching / waitressing
% of trainee teachers who were women in 1936
75%
When did Mussolini purge teachers who didn’t support fascism
1925
When were all teachers required to join the Fascist Teachers’ association?
1931
When were all teachers required to become PNF members?
1933
When were all teachers required to wear the black shirt uniform?
1934
What proportion of all history textbooks were banned?
1/3
What was the name of the Fascist youth movement?
ONB
Opera Nationale Balilla
When was the ONB formed?
1926
What did the ONB become when the PNF took it over?
GIL
When did the GIL become compulsory
1939
How many members did the GIL reach in 1939?
8million
What was the university equivalent of the GIL
GUF
What was the organisation that was set up to influence adult Italians via control outside the workplace?
Dopolavoro
Dopolavoro membership 1926
300,000
Dopolavoro membership 1935
2.4million
20% of industrial workforce
When did Dopolavoro membership peak?
At what size?
1939
4million members
Name one reason why the Dopolavoro was popular?
Absence of propaganda
What was the main source of the Duce’s public support?
From successes in foreign policy
What was arguably the Duce’s largest domestic success?
Concordat with the Church
