Women and Children

Question 1

Fascists indoctrinate youth to be —–

Answer 1

homo fascitus (to serve nation selflessly)

Question 2

When was the Battle for Births introduced

Answer 2

1927

Question 3

Name X3 policies introduced as part of the Battle for Births

Answer 3

Abortion and contraception banned

Taxes for unmarried men increase

Ban on homosexuality (1931)

Question 4

Name X4 incentives introduced under the Battle for Births

Answer 4

Married couples w 6 children have no tax

Family allowances and marriage loans

Reduction in number of school places for women

Jobs promotion in civil service only to fertile married men

Question 5

What was the aim for the Battle for Births?

Answer 5

Increase population from 40mil to 60mil by 1950

Question 6

When was there a 10% cap on women in most industries introduced?

Answer 6

1938

Question 7

What company sacked all women?

Answer 7

State Railway company

Question 8

Was the Battle for Births a success for marriage?

Answer 8

no - marriage rates stagnated

Question 9

Was the Battle for Births a success for birth rates?

Answer 9

not really - BR continues to decline until 1936

Question 10

1911 BR

Answer 10

147 births per 1000

Question 11

Late 1930s BR

Answer 11

102 birthers per 1000

Question 12

Was the attempt to reduce women in workforce successful?

Answer 12

Partially - but still made up 1/3 of industrial workforce in mid 1930s

Down on 3% in 15yrs

Question 13

When was handshake replaced by military salute as standard greeting in civil service?

Answer 13

1932

Question 14

PNF didn’t exclude women from stereotypical employment e.g teaching / waitressing

% of trainee teachers who were women in 1936

Answer 14

75%

Question 15

When did Mussolini purge teachers who didn’t support fascism

Answer 15

1925

Question 16

When were all teachers required to join the Fascist Teachers’ association?

Answer 16

1931

Question 17

When were all teachers required to become PNF members?

Answer 17

1933

Question 18

When were all teachers required to wear the black shirt uniform?

Answer 18

1934

Question 19

What proportion of all history textbooks were banned?

Answer 19

1/3

Question 20

What was the name of the Fascist youth movement?

Answer 20

ONB

Opera Nationale Balilla

Question 21

When was the ONB formed?

Answer 21

1926

Question 22

What did the ONB become when the PNF took it over?

Answer 22

GIL

Question 23

When did the GIL become compulsory

Answer 23

1939

Question 24

How many members did the GIL reach in 1939?

Answer 24

8million

Question 25

What was the university equivalent of the GIL

Answer 25

GUF

Question 26

What was the organisation that was set up to influence adult Italians via control outside the workplace?

Answer 26

Dopolavoro

Question 27

Dopolavoro membership 1926

Answer 27

300,000

Question 28

Dopolavoro membership 1935

Answer 28

2.4million

20% of industrial workforce

Question 29

When did Dopolavoro membership peak?

At what size?

Answer 29

1939

4million members

Question 30

Name one reason why the Dopolavoro was popular?

Answer 30

Absence of propaganda

Question 31

What was the main source of the Duce’s public support?

Answer 31

From successes in foreign policy

Question 32

What was arguably the Duce’s largest domestic success?

Answer 32

Concordat with the Church