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AHIS - Italy > Supporters of Fascism > Flashcards

Supporters of Fascism Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Nationalists merge with the PNF?

A

1923

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2
Q

What % of support for Fascists was made up by land owners?

A

12%

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3
Q

What were the urban petty bourgeoisie frustrated with the Liberals for?

A

inflation / post-war unemployment

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4
Q

Who financially backed the Fascists?

A

Industrialists

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5
Q

What % of Italy’s students belonged to the PNF?

A

13%

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6
Q

What type of supporter left after the PNF moved further right?

A

original fascists

mainly syndicalists

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7
Q

PNF Membership May 1921

A

80,500

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8
Q

PNF Membership Dec 1921

A

218,000

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9
Q

Mid-1922

A

250,000

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10
Q

Late-1922

A

300,000

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11
Q

Who did not commit to action when Fascists began ejecting elected authorities (1922)

A

Facta

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12
Q

By when did the PNF control 1/2 of upper Italy via ejecting elected authorities

A

Autumn 1922

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13
Q

How many fascists Marched on Rome (October 27th 1922)

A

30,000

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14
Q

What period was Mussolini a constitutional PM for?

A

October 1922 - January 1925

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15
Q

Who was Stefani?

A

Mussolini’s government’s FOREIGN MINISTER

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16
Q

Who was Bono?

A

Mussolini’s government’s HEAD OF POLICE

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17
Q

Who were intransigents?

A

Squadristi who demanded full-scale fascist takeover

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18
Q

Where did Mussolini have the right to make all appointments to, meaning he basically could manipulate Fascist policy?

A

Grand Council of Fascism

19
Q

When was the Grand Council of Fascism set up

A

December 1922

20
Q

What was the name of the squadristi who were made into a state funded militia?

A

MSVN

21
Q

What group did Mussolini earn the support of via not attacking tax evasion?

A

Industrialists

Confindustria (Employers organisation)

22
Q

What did Mussolini declare to get the support of the Church - prompting Pope to withdraw support from popolari

A

says he will ban contraception

+ make religious education compulsory

23
Q

When does Pope begin to withdraw support from Popolari

A

1923

24
Q

Name X4 reasons why the PNF did well in the 1924 April elections

A
  • vote rigging in south
  • electoral alliance w right-wing liberals
  • propaganda campaigns
  • divisions of the left
25
Q

Name an area that did not have a Fascist majority in April 1924 election

A

Milan

26
Q

When was Matteoti killed

A

June 1924

27
Q

What was the name of anti-fascist MPs withdrawing their support from parliament after Matteoti crisis

A

Aventine succession

28
Q

Name X3 supporters after the Matteotti crisis that suggested Mussolini’s position was safe

A
  • vatican journal
  • senate
  • army continued supplying surplus weapons
29
Q

When did the ras demand Mussolini to move towards Fascist dictatorship

A

December 1924

30
Q

When was press censorship introduced?

A

July 1924

31
Q

When were opposition political parties banned?

A

August 1924

32
Q

When did Mussolini make his largest move to become fascist dictator?

A

Jan 1925

33
Q

What constitutional reforms were made in 1925 that effectively made Mussolini a dictator?

A
  • parliament cannot sack PM

- PM can rule by decree

34
Q

Was Mussolini completely independent of control in Jan 1925?

A

No - still accountable to King

35
Q

In what year did the King lose the right to select PM?

A

1928

36
Q

What did Mussolini do to potential in-party rivals?

A

Tactically remove them

e.g Balbo sent to occupy post in Libya

37
Q

What was the role of the King in Mussolini’s dictatorship?

A

traditionally distant from domestic policy anyway

M continues to follow protocol and visits twice weekly

38
Q

What happened to judges under M’s dictatorship?

A

One of only areas purged

Dozens sacked for not being sympathetic to fascism

39
Q

What happened to the role of parliament in 1926?

A

lost the ability to discuss / debate policy

40
Q

When did Parliament abolish itself?

A

Jan 1939

41
Q

What was parliament replaced with in Jan 1939?

A

Chamber of Fasces & Corporations

42
Q

Why did Fascist membership increase in the 1930s

A

many realised promotions depended on membership + loyalty

43
Q

How did Mussolini gain the armed forces support?

A

Stresses military + he shared common interests

Ambitious officers realise promotion dependent on being a Fascist member

44
Q

When were the Lateran Agreements signed

A

1929

AHIS - Italy (14 decks)

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