Post-War Crisis

Question 1

When was the PPI founded

Answer 1

January 1919

Question 2

Who was the PM for Italy at the ToV

Answer 2

Orlando

Question 3

Who was the foreign minister for Italy at the ToV

Answer 3

Sonnino

Question 4

Who whipped up public opinion to expect territorial gains at ToV

Answer 4

Nationalists

Eg D’Annunzio

Question 5

What area had not been mentioned in the ToL but was expected by Italy

Answer 5

Adriatic port of Fiume

Question 6

When was the ToL signed

Answer 6

1915

Question 7

What treaty did Italy receive its territorial gains in

Answer 7

Treaty of St Germain (sept 1919)

Question 8

Apart from territorial gains what did Italy benefit from in the ToV

Answer 8

Dissolution of A-H

Question 9

What two things was Italy promised in the ToL but did not receive in the ToV

Answer 9

• Dalmatia

- German colonies

Question 10

What was Wilsons reason why Italy did not receive all it asked for

Answer 10

Infringed principle of self-determination

Question 11

Where did Fiume go to

Answer 11

Newly created Yugoslavia

Question 12

When did D’Annunzio seize Fiume

Answer 12

September 1919

Question 13

How many soldiers did D’Annunzio seize Fiume with

Answer 13

2000

Question 14

Who offered no resistance when D’Annunzio seized Fiume

Answer 14

Pittaluga

Local commander of Italian troops

Question 15

Who was PM when D’Annunzio seized Fiume

What did he do

Answer 15

Nitti

Didn’t use army against D’Annunzios troops as saw occupation was popular

Question 16

How long was Fiume held for

Answer 16

Over a year

Question 17

Who took over as PM from Nitti

Answer 17

Giolitti

Question 18

What treaty did Giolitti organise which marginalised D’Annunzio

Answer 18

Treaty of Rapallo

Question 19

Who was the ToR signed with

Answer 19

Yugoslavia

Question 20

When was the ToR signed

Answer 20

1920

Question 21

What happened to Fiume under the ToR

Answer 21

Independent city under international control

Question 22

What did Italy receive from the ToR

Answer 22

Whole of Istria

Question 23

What did the seizure of Fiume price in terms of army loyalty?

Answer 23

The liberal regime could not take it for granted

Question 24

What did D’Annunzio and his legionaries develop as a style of punishment for opponents

Answer 24

Drinking laxative castor oil

Question 25

What was national debt in 1914 (start of war)

Answer 25

16 billion lira

Question 26

What was national debt at the end of war (1919)

Answer 26

85 billion lira

Question 27

What did the liberal government do to cover their war expenditure

Answer 27

Print more money

Question 28

By 1920 what was the lire worth in comparison to its 1914 value

Answer 28

25%

Question 29

Who benefitted from the war economy most

Answer 29

Large industrial companies Eg fiat

Question 30

What happened to large industrial companies after war?

Answer 30

Share prices halved X2 major munitions factories collapsed

Question 31

What was unemployment in late 1919

Answer 31

2 million

Question 32

Which PM introduced universal make suffrage

Answer 32

Orlando

Question 33

When universal make suffrage was introduced what did the electorate expand to

Answer 33

11 million

Question 34

Which government introduced the party list system which meant proportional representation

Answer 34

Nitti (1919)

Question 35

What did the advent of mass democracy mean for the Liberal party

Answer 35

More under threat from parties with resources to organise mass voter support

Question 36

What did the PSI join which signified it was dedicated to a socialist republic and dictatorship of the proletariat

Answer 36

Comintern

Question 37

What did PSI membership increase by between the start and end of war

Answer 37

X4

Question 38

When did the Pope allow Catholics to participate in national elections again

Answer 38

1918

Question 39

What was the PPI in relation to the church

Answer 39

Non-confessional

Question 40

Why did the PPI make it difficult for Liberals

Answer 40

- didn't make a long term alliance with any party | - made it harder for liberals to maintain catholic opinion at a period where it was needed

Question 41

When were the first elections under the new proportional representation and universal male suffrage done

Answer 41

November 1919

Question 42

After 1919 what did the Liberals need to survive in parliament

Answer 42

A coalition with either socialists or Catholics

Question 43

How many PMs between 1919 and 1922

Answer 43

X4

Question 44

When was universal male suffrage introduced in Italy

Answer 44

December 1918

Question 45

What did the new electoral mass democratic system mean for mass parties

Answer 45

Able to emerge in Italian politics - however many unwilling to form lasting or cooperative coalitions

Question 46

Who was the PM who set prices on several food items?

Answer 46

Nitti

Question 47

When did Nitti set prices on several food items - angering the urban petty bourgeoise

Answer 47

1919

Question 48

Under what government was it declared that peasants could legally occupy land they had been occupying

Answer 48

Nitti

Question 49

Debt pre war (1914)

Answer 49

16bn

Question 50

Debt post war (1918)

Answer 50

85bn

Question 51

With how many soldiers did D'Annunzio take Fiume

Answer 51

2,000