Collapse of Liberal State Flashcards
What did the Liberals promise peasants would receive post-war?
Land
When did 400,000 factory workers strike in the industrial north?
September 1920
How many went on strike in northern industrial towns in September 1920?
400,000
What did Giolitti do to respond to the strikes of September 1920?
Encouraged industrialists to make concessions
Who dealt with the issue of Fiume via the ToR?
Giolitti
What was Giolitti dealing with Fiume seen as by Italians?
national betrayal
In the 1920 local elections how many did socialists control?
26/69
When did the PSI peak?
1920
In the first half of 1921 how many were dead in Fascist-socialist clashes?
207
What did the squadristi do in terms of attacks on the socialists?
Seized HQ’s of left-wing papers, and 80 trade union offices
How are the threat of the squadristi and the King deciding not to adopt martial law related?
- wanted to avoid civil war
- King received info that his army would not be able to take on the 30,000 strong squadristi (false)
What were the squadristi able to claim they were doing by quelling the 24hr general strike by socialists in July 1922?
saving Italy from Bolshevism
What % of the electorate did the PNF have in 1921?
7%
When Mussolini became PM why was he at a disadvantage?
had a minority parliament
only 4/14 senior ministers fascists
What did the fascists do following the disappointment in the 1919 election?
move further right
What did Mussolini announce post-1919 election to demonstrate his move to the right?
- against PSI (not proletariat)
- abandons pledges to abolish excessive war profits
- says would introduce compulsory military service
- crown and fascists can co-exist
Who proposed Mussolini to thwart Giolitti
Salandro
What is Salandro proposing Mussolini an example of
Liberal Weakness and Division
no prominent leadership
What PNF policies would have proved popular with ex-soldiers and nationalists
compulsory military service
determined to obtain Dalmatia and Fiume
Why were the conservatives supportive of appointing Mussolini
thought he was a temporary solution to the problem of socialism - “Firework”
Why were the squadristi vital in demonstrating the level of socialist threat
socialism peaked in 1920
trade union membership declining
had to continue violence to suggest there was still threat
Did the PSI vote decrease or increase 1919-1921?
Decrease
By how many seats did the PSI vote decrease by 1919-1921
156 to 123
Drop of 33
