March on Rome & Fascists Gaining Power Flashcards
When were decisions made at PNF on March on Rome
October 1922 meeting
Who was the MoR an effort to appease
radicals within party who wanted a coup d’etat
When did the Fascists decide they would seize northern / central areas under PNF control
October 27th
Whose government tried to persuade the King to adopt martial law
Facta
When the King refused to adopt martial law what was he doing
- allowing Fascist’s to continue march
- breaching constitutional convention
Name X4 reasons King Emmanuel was reluctant to adopt martial law
- doubt in parliamentary regime
- questioning of army’s willingness (many ex-soldiers)
- inaccurate info about army’s capability
- wanted to avoid civil war
Who did the King ask to set up a new government after Facta resigned
Salandra
Why was Salandra unable to form a new government
Mussolini refused to join Salandra’s government or any where he was not PM
when did King Emmanuel appoint Mussolini as PM
30th October 1922
Who suggested Mussolini to the King to thwart Giolitti
Salandra
Mussolini’s first coalition contained how many fascists as senior ministers
4/14
Name X5 obstacles preventing Mussolini from achieving total power;
- other parties
- PNF doesn’t have majority
- trade unions
- democratic elections
- King supported by army
When did Mussolini demand the right to rule by decree
November 1922
Who supported Mussolini in his demand to rule by decree
prominent liberals e.g Giolitti / Salandra
Who opposed Mussolini in his demand to rule by decree
Socialists / Communists
What X2 ministerial positions did Mussolini occupy
Control of Foreign Ministry + Ministry of Interior
How did Mussolini gain strength in parliament via appointments
appointed fascists to prominent government positions
Give an example of an appointment Mussolini made that put a Fascist in an important position
Bono - Head of police
Stefani - Finance Minister
What did Mussolini create to bring ras into more disciplined framework?
Grand Council of Fascism
What is the term for squadristi who demand full-scale Fascist takeover?
intransigents
What did the Grand Council of Fascism allow Mussolini to do
make all appointments to the council - meaning he could manipulate Fascist policy
What did Mussolini do to appease the intransigents
Unify squadristi into national fascist militia (MSVN)
Acronym for the national fascist militia
MSVN
What was the MSVN made out of
30,000 men
State funded - full-time army
When did Mussolini form the GCOF
December 1922
What was the name of Mussolini’s personal bodyguard
Cheka
