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MCN-LEC > Woman in Labor (1): 4 P's > Flashcards

Woman in Labor (1): 4 P's Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 P’s?

A
  1. Passage
  2. Passenger
  3. Powers
  4. Psyche
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2
Q

is the series of events by which uterine contractions and
abdominal pressure expel a fetus and placenta from the uterus.

A

LABOR

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3
Q

It cause progressive dilatation of the cervix and create sufficient muscular uterine force to allow a baby to be pushed out into the extrauterine world.

A

REGULAR CONTRACTIONS

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4
Q

Who is the main passenger of labor?

A

FETUS

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5
Q

A woman’s psychological state which may either encourage or inhibit labor.

A

PSYCHE

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6
Q

It is the most important body part during labor

A

HEAD

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7
Q

The cranium is composed of _____ bones

A

EIGHT

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8
Q

Bones of cranium

A

1 Frontal Bone
2 Parietal Bone
2 Temporal
1 Occipital
1 Sphenoid
1 Ethmoid

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9
Q

the uppermost portion of
the skull

A

CRANIUM

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10
Q

They are the most important fetal skull
bones because they form the presenting part when the fetus is in cephalic
presentation.

A

FRONTAL, PARIETAL, OCCIPITAL

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11
Q

The fetal skull is not yet completely ossified at birth and
its bones are joined only by membranes so that spaces
actually exist between them.

These spaces are called ____

A

SUTURE LINES

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12
Q

Types of suture lines

A

SAGITTAL
FRONTAL
CORONAL
LAMBDOIDAL

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13
Q

Suture line located between 2 parietal bones

A

SAGGITAL SUTURE

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14
Q

Suture line located between two frontal bones

A

FRONTAL SUTURE

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15
Q

Suture line located between frontal and parietal bones

A

CORONAL SUTURE

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16
Q

Suture line located between parietal and occipital bones

A

LAMBDOIDAL SUTURE

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17
Q

The suture lines are important because
they allow the skull bones to overlap,
called ________

A

MOLDING

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18
Q

These are membrane covered spaces located between the intersections of suture lines.

A

FONTANELS

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19
Q

A type of fontanel that is formed by the intersection of the sagittal, frontal and coronal sutures. Diamond shaped and closes between 12 to 18 months of age.

A

ANTERIOR FONTANEL OR BREGMA

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20
Q

Fontanel that is formed by the
intersection of sagittal and lambdoidal sutures. It is triangular in shape and closes by 2 to 3 months of age.

A

POSTERIOR FONTANEL OR LAMBDA

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21
Q

The area between the two fontanelles is
called _____

A

VERTEX

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22
Q

The area over the frontal bone is
called the ________

A

SINCIPUT

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23
Q

The area over the occipital bone is called the _____

A

OCCIPUT

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24
Q

It helps determine the position and presentation of the fetus

A

LOCATION OF FONTANELS

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25
Q

Is a part of the fetal body that enters the true pelvis first and which is also the first part to come out during delivery.

A

PRESENTING PART

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26
Q

The presentation of the fetus is determined by ____

A

FETAL LIE & ATTITUDE

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27
Q

Types of fetal presentation

A
  1. Cephalic
  2. Breech
  3. Shoulder
  4. Compound
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28
Q

The head comes out first during delivery

A

CEPHALIC PRESENTATION

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29
Q

Occurs when the head is completely flexed so that the chin touches the chest. It is the most ideal type of
presentation.

A

VERTEX PRESENTATION

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30
Q

Occurs when the head is partially flexed and the anterior fontanel is the presenting part. Also called military position because it gives the
appearance of a military person at attention.

A

SINCIPUT PRSENTATION

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31
Q

Occurs when the head is extended or bent backward causing the
occipitomental diameter (13.5 cm) to be presented for delivery

A

BROW PRESENTATION

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32
Q

Occurs when the head is sharply extended causing the occiput to
come in contact with the back of the fetus.

A

FACE PRESENTATION

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33
Q

Occurs when head is hyperextended
with the chin as the presenting part.

A

CHIN PRESENTATION

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34
Q

Types of cephalic presentation

A

VERTEX
SINCIPUT
BROW
FACE
CHIN

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35
Q

The feet or buttocks come out first during delivery.

A

BREECH PRESENTATION

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36
Q

Types of breech presentation

A

FRANK
COMPLETE
FOOTLING

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37
Q

The fetus has the thighs tightly flexed on the abdomen; both the buttocks and the tightly flexed feet present to the cervix.

A

COMPLETE BREECH

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38
Q

Attitude is moderate because the hips are flexed, but the knees are extended to rest on the chest. The buttocks alone present to the cervix.

A

FRANK BREECH

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39
Q

Neither the thighs nor lower legs are flexed. One foot is presented (dangling)

A

FOOTLING BREECH

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40
Q

The presenting part is usually one of the shoulders (acromion process)

A

SHOULDER PRESENTATION

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41
Q

This presentation occurs when there is prolapsed of the fetal
hand alongside the vertex, breech or shoulder.

A

COMPOUND

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42
Q

It is the relationship between the long (cephalocaudal) axis of the fetal body and the long (cephalocaudal) axis of a woman’s body

A

FETAL LIE

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43
Q

Refers to the relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother.

A

FETAL LIE

44
Q

Types of fetal lie

A

LONGITUDINAL
TRANSVERSE
OBLIQUE

45
Q

The long axis of the fetus is parallel to the long axis of the
mother, meaning, the fetus is lying lengthwise in the
mother’s abdomen

A

LONGITUDINAL LIE

46
Q

The long axis of the fetus forms a right angle with the
long axis of the mother, which means that the fetus is
lying crosswise in the mother’s abdomen.

A

TRANSVERSE LIE

47
Q

This lie is the most unstable. The fetus assuming this lie usually rotates to transverse or longitudinal lie in the course of labor.

A

OBLIQUE LIE

48
Q

It refers to the degree of flexion of the fetal body, head and extremities,

A

FETAL ATTITUDE

49
Q

In terms of fetal attitude (flexion), describe the following:

Cephalic Presentation
1. Vertex
2. Brow
3. Sinciput
4. Face
5. Chin

A
  1. complete
  2. moderate
  3. moderate
  4. poor
  5. very poor
50
Q

This flexion allows the smallest anteroposterior diameter of the head to enter the pelvis

A

COMPLETE FLEXION

51
Q

It refers to the relationship of the presenting part to one of the quadrants of the mother’s pelvis.

A

FETAL POSITION

52
Q

Most ideal fetal position

A

ROA or LOA

53
Q

Presentation Fetal Points of direction or
Denominator

A
  1. Vertex /Occiput
  2. Face and chin / Mentum
  3. Breech / Sacrum
  4. Shoulder / Scapula
54
Q

The pelvis is divided into several areas in order to locate accurately the position of the presenting part.
These areas are known as the ____

A

4 Quadrants of the maternal pelvis

55
Q

When fetal denominator faces the anterior left side of the mother’s pelvis

A

Left Anterior Quadrant:

56
Q

When fetal denominator faces the left posterior side of the mother’s pelvis.

A

Left Posterior Quadrant

57
Q

When fetal denominator faces the right anterior side of the mother’s pelvis.

A

Right Anterior Quadrant

58
Q

When fetal denominator faces the right posterior side of the mother’s pelvis.

A

Right Posterior

58
Q

When fetal denominator faces the right side of the mother’s pelvis

A

Right Transverse

59
Q

When fetal denominator faces the left side of the mother’s pelvis

A

Left Transverse

60
Q

These are the different movements or positional changes that the fetus
makes during the first and second stage of labor in order to pass
successfully through the irregular shape of the birth canal.

A

MECHANISMS OF LABOR

60
Q

This is also known as cardinal movements of labor

A

MECHANISMS OF LABOR

61
Q

When the greatest transverse diameter of the head in the vertex passes thru the pelvic inlet

A

ENGAGEMENT

61
Q

What are the cardinal movements of labor

A
  1. Engagement
  2. Descent
  3. Flexion
  4. Internal rotation
  5. Extension
  6. Restitution
  7. Expulsion
62
Q

downward movement of the fetal head until it is within the pelvic inlet. Occurs
intermittently with contractions and is brought about the pressure of the amniotic fluid,

A

DESCENT

62
Q

The rotation of the fetal head until the longest diameter of the fetal head match the longest diameter of maternal pelvic

A

INTERNAL ROTATION

62
Q

As the fetal head moves deeper into the pelvis, it meets resistance from the cervix, pelvic floor or walls of the pelvis.

A

FLEXION

62
Q

Once crowning has occurred, the fetal head need only to extend to be born.

A

EXTENSION

63
Q

The return of the head to its original position

A

RESTITUTION

64
Q

When the head is born, the shoulder and the rest of the body follow without much difficulty. The anterior shoulder is born first followed by the posterior shoulder.

A

EXPULSION

65
Q

is the relationship of the presenting part of the fetus to an imaginary line drawn at the level of the ischial spines of the mother.

It describes the degree of advancement

A

STATION

66
Q

When the presenting part is above the ischial spines, it is at ______

A

MINUS STATION

67
Q

occurs when the sagittal suture does not lie exactly midway between the sacral promontory and the
symphysis pubis but is deflected posteriorly or anteriorly.

A

ASSYNCLITISM

67
Q

_____ is when the presenting part is at
the level of ischial spines.

A

ZERO STATION

68
Q

When assynclitism is deflected posteriorly toward the sacral
promontory,

A

Anterior Assynclitism or Naegele’s Obliquity

69
Q

When assynclitism is deflected anteriorly toward the symphysis pubis
it is called _____

A

Posterior Assynclitism or Litzman’s Obliquity

70
Q

Molding is the overlapping of the cranial bones that occur during labor.

A

MOLDING

70
Q

Passageway of Labor:

A
  1. Hard passage: bony pelvis
  2. Soft passage: Lower uterine
    segment, cervix , vagina , pelvic floor
    and perineum
71
Q

The male-type pelvis has a heart shaped inlet

A

ANDROID

71
Q

Type of pelvis most ideal for childbirth

A

GYNECOID

71
Q

Types of pelvis

A
  1. Gynecoid
  2. Android
  3. Anthropoid
  4. Platypelloid
72
Q

Ape-like pelvis

A

ANTHROPOID

72
Q

flat pelvis and most shallow pelvic type.

A

PLATYPELLOID

72
Q

The true and false pelvis is separated by an imaginary line, called _____

A

LINEA TERMINALIS

72
Q

The pelvis is divided into 2 parts:

A

TRUE PELVIS
FALSE PELVIS

72
Q

It is the upper flaring portion, the ilia.
Its functions are to provide support to the uterus during pregnancy and to direct the fetus to the true pelvis
during labor.

A

FALSE PELVIS

73
Q

It forms the passageway of the fetus during labor.
It has a wider transverse diameter and appears heart shaped
when viewed from the top.

A

TRUE PELVIS

74
Q

The most important forces during the
first stage of labor are the ____

A

UTERINE CONTRACTIONS

74
Q

Muscular contractions which lead to dilation and effacement in the First Stage of Labor

A

INVOLUNTARY UTERINE CONTACTIONS

75
Q

Characterized by alternating periods of contraction and relaxation.

A

INTERMITTENT

75
Q

Abdominal muscles assist in the Second
Stage of Labor with pushing. Increase intra-abdominal pressure to aid in expulsive forces

A

VOLUNTARY UTERINE CONTRACTIONS

75
Q
  • The time when contraction is starting and intensity is building up.
  • This is the longest phase.
A

INCREMENT

76
Q

Phases of Uterine Contractions

A
  1. Increment or crescendo
  2. Acme or Apex
  3. Decrement or decrescendo
77
Q

The time when muscles start to relax.

A

DECREMENT

77
Q

The lower passive portion of the uterus contains less muscle fiber and is therefore not as contractile as the
upper portion.

A

LOWER SEGMENT

77
Q

Peak of contraction

A

APEX

78
Q

This is the active part of the uterus found at the fundal area that contracts with great force.

A

UPPER SEGMENT

79
Q

This refers to the permanent shortening of the muscles fibers of
the uterus that occurs with each contraction.

A

RETRACTION

80
Q

refers to the strength of uterine contractions.

A

INTENSITY

81
Q

Classification of Intensity:

Slightly tense fundus that is easy to indent with fingertips. Consistency of fundus is likened to the tip of the nose.

A

MILD CONTRACTIONS

81
Q

Classification of Intensity:

Firm fundus that is difficult to indent with fingertips. Consistency of fundus is likened to the earlobe.

A

MODERATE CONTRACTIONS

82
Q

Classification of Intensity:

Rigid board like fundus that is almost
impossible to indent with fingertips.
Consistency of fundus is likened to the
forehead.

A

STRONG CONTRACTIONS

83
Q

refers to the rate at which contractions are occurring. It is measured from the
beginning of a contraction to the beginning of the next contraction.

A

FREQUENCY

83
Q

Refers to length of contraction

A

DURATION

84
Q

It refers to the time that lapse between two uterine contractions.

A

INTERVAL

MCN-LEC (9 decks)

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