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MCN-LEC > Nursing Care During Normal Pregnancy and Care of the Developing Fetus > Flashcards

Nursing Care During Normal Pregnancy and Care of the Developing Fetus Flashcards

1
Q

Folic acid deficiency can lead to

A

NEURAL TUBE DISORDERS

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2
Q

Enumerate 3 midline closure defects (Neural tube disorder)

A
  1. Spina bifida
  2. Anencephaly
  3. Encephalocele
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3
Q

is an
important aspect of pregnancy,
it denotes an outcome of a
successful pregnancy and
childbirth.

A

ANTEPARTUM

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4
Q

the union of an ovum and
spermatozoon and usually occurs
in the ampullary portion of the
fallopian tube

A

FERTILIZATION

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5
Q

Also referred to as Conception or Impregnation

A

FERTILIZATION

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6
Q

Only ____ ova reaches maturity each month

A

ONE (1)

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6
Q

Time it takes for fertilization of ovum to occur

A

24 HRS

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7
Q

Happens when ovum is not fertilized

A

ATROPHIES & BECOMES NON-FUNCTIONAL

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8
Q

Functional life of
spermatozoon

A

48-72 HRS

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9
Q

Critical time span for
fertilization to occur

A

72 HRS

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10
Q

Normal amount of semen ejaculated

A

2.5 mL

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11
Q

A 2.5 ml of semen contains how many sperms?

A

50-200 MILLION

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12
Q

Average amount of sperms per ejaculation

A

400 MILLION

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13
Q

At the time of
ovulation, there is ____ of the
woman’s cervical
mucus, which makes
it easy for
spermatozoa to
penetrate it.

A

REDUCE IN VISCOSITY

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14
Q

time it takes for spermatozoa deposited in the
vagina reach the
cervix

A

90 SEC

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15
Q

time it takes for sperm to reach other end of fallopian tube

A

5 MINS

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16
Q

A proteolytic
enzyme
released by the
spermatozoa
and dissolves
the layer of cells
protecting the
ovum

A

HYALURONIDASE

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17
Q

Number of spermatozoon that is able to penetrate the cell membrane of ovum

A

ONLY ONE

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18
Q

Develops when
multiple sperm enter an ovum and
cause an abnormal zygote to form.

A

GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE

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19
Q

It is formed when the
chromosomal
material of the ovum
and spermatozoon
fuse

A

ZYGOTE

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20
Q

No. of chromosomes carried by each sperm and ovum

A

23

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21
Q

Total number of chromosomes for fertilized ovum

A

46

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22
Q

Chromosome: Female at birth

A

XX

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23
Q

Chromosome: Male at birth

A

XY

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24
Q

Fertilization is never a certain occurrence because
it depends on at least three separate factors:

A
  1. Equal maturation of
    both sperm and
    ovum
  2. Ability of the sperm
    to reach the ovum
  3. Ability of the sperm
    to penetrate the
    zona pellucida and
    cell membrane and
    achieve fertilization
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25
Q

Thick transparent membrane surrounding the ovum which is also penetrated by the sperm

A

ZONA PELLUCIDA

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26
Q

Accessory structures needed for
support
during
intrauterine
life will form

A
  1. PLACENTA
  2. FETAL MEMBRANES
  3. AMNIOTIC FLUID
    4/ UMBILICAL CORD
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27
Q

During this time,
mitotic cell
division, or
cleavage, begins.

A

IMPLANTATION

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28
Q

The first cleavage occurs at

A

DAY 2

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29
Q

structure of large cells tend
to collect at the
periphery of
the ball,
leaving a fluid
space
surrounding an
inner cell mass

A

BLASTOCYST

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30
Q

Cells of the outer ring of Blastocyst

A

TROPHOBLAST CELLS

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30
Q

usually occurs
high in the uterus on the
posterior surface.

A

IMPLANTATION

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31
Q

Where does implantation occur?

A

high in the uterus on the
posterior surface.

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32
Q

Low implantation in the uterus in which the growing placenta may occlude (block) the cervix

A

PLACENTA PREVIA

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33
Q

Condition when the placenta blocks birth canal due to low implantation in the uterus

A

PLACENTA PREVIA

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34
Q

An implanted zygote

A

EMBRYO

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35
Q

What happens to the ovum if it will not be fertilized
by a sperm?

A

It atrophies and becomes
nonfunctional, That’s why
menstruation will set in.

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36
Q

What will happen if a sperm will be
around for 48-72 hours?

A

The successful sperm
will meet the ovum and
that is when fertilization
takes place.

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37
Q

are the basis for the signs and symptoms used to
confirm a pregnancy.

A

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES

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38
Q

Physiological changes can be categorized into:

A
  1. Local: confined to reproductive organs
  2. Systemic: affects entire body
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39
Q

changes
are those involving the
uterus, ovaries, vagina and
breasts.

A

REPRODUCTIVE TRACT CHANGES

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40
Q

The most obvious
alteration in a woman’s body
during pregnancy

A

INCREASE IN SIZE OF THE UTERUS

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41
Q

Uterus increases
in size to
accommodate the
growing fetus.

Length: from 6.5 cm to ___
Width from 4 cm to ____
Depth: from 2.5 cm to ____
Weight: from 50 g to ___

A

Length: from 6.5 cm to 32 cm
Width from 4 cm to 24 cm
Depth: from 2.5 cm to 22 cm
Weight: from 50 g to 1000g

42
Q

Thin watery, high protein fluid that is the precursor of breast milk produced by the 16th week.

A

COLOSTRUM

43
Q

What week is Colostrum produced

A

16TH WEEK OF PREGNANCY

44
Q

The sebaceous glands of the areola

A

MONTGOMERY’S TUBERCLES

45
Q

Produces estrogen, progesterone, and HCG

A

PLACENTA

46
Q

Hormone that helps maintain pregnancy

A

PROGESTERONE

47
Q

It allows detection of early pregnancy

A

HCG - Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

48
Q

HCG

A

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN

49
Q

It produces increased
levels of prolactin and oxytocin which is necessary for labor contraction

A

PITUITARY GLAND

50
Q

Hormone which is responsible for milk production

A

PROLACTIN

51
Q

Hormone necessary for labor contraction

A

OXYTOCIN

52
Q

Increases levels of
hormones that increase
the basal metabolic rate
by 20% and can lead to
increased emotional
lability, perspiration,
tachycardia and
palpitations.

A

THYROID

53
Q

Increases level of
corticosteroids and
aldosterone inhibits
immune response
thereby preventing
rejection of fetus.

A

ADRENAL GLANDS

54
Q

Increases insulin
production

A

PANCREAS

54
Q

Hormones that makes insulin less effective

A

ESTROGEN & PROGESTERONE

55
Q

uterus increases
in size the
abdominal wall
stretches then
causes rupture and
atrophy of small
segments of the
connective layer of
the skin leading to ____

A

STRIAE GRAVIDARUM

56
Q

A narrow brown line running
from the umbilicus
to the symphysis
pubis.

A

LINEA NIGRA

57
Q

Also known as “Mask of pregnancy”

A

MELASMA/CHLOASMA

58
Q

Darkened or
reddened areas may
appear on the face
as well and on
cheeks and nose

A

MELASMA / CHLOASMA

59
Q

A local change that
often occurs here is
congestion or stuffiness
of the nasopharynx

A

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CHANGES

60
Q

Experienced earlier in pregnancy and this is the first sensation a woman experiences with pregnancy.

A

NAUSEA & VOMITING

61
Q

It is known as morning sickness, it is felt at the
same time the HCG and progesterone begins to rise.

A

NAUSEA & VOMITING

62
Q

____ and _____
needs are increased during
pregnancy because an entire
fetal skeleton must be built.

A

CALCIUM & PHOSPHORUS

63
Q

It is decreased to prevent a woman’s body from rejecting the fetus as if it were a transplanted
organ which makes a woman prone to infection during pregnancy

A

IMMUNOGLOBULIN G (IgG)

64
Q

may arise
from the
realization that
one’s roles
would be
changed
permanently.

A

GRIEF

65
Q

Also known as emotional
lability

A

MOOD SWINGS

65
Q

Factors causing mood swings (emotional lability )

A

HORMONAL CHANGES OR NARCISSM

66
Q

A common
manifestation of mood
swings

A

CRYING

67
Q

Women who are on the first trimester of pregnancy experience a decrease
in ___ mainly because of breast tenderness, nausea, and fatigue.

A

LIBIDO

68
Q

Pregnancy is a
major change in
roles that could
cause _____

A

STRESS

69
Q

Psychological Changes in Pregnancy:

A
  1. Grief
  2. Mood Swings
  3. Changes in sexual desire
  4. Stress
  5. Introversion / Extroversion
70
Q

refers to
someone who focuses
entirely on her own
body and a common
manifestation during
pregnancy.

A

INTROVERSION

71
Q

acting more active, healthier
and more outgoing than before their pregnancy.

A

EXTROVERSION

72
Q

commonly happens to
women who had a
hard time conceiving
and finally hit jackpot.

A

EXTROVERSION

73
Q

The Psychological Tasks of Pregnancy:

First Trimester:
Second Trimester
Third Trimester:

A
  1. Accepting pregnancy
  2. Accepting baby
  3. Preparing for the baby
74
Q

Discomforts During Pregnancy

A
  1. Breast tenderness
  2. Palmar Erythema
  3. Constipation
  4. Nausea, Vomiting, Pyrosis
  5. Fatigue
  6. Muscle cramps
  7. Hypotension
  8. Varicosities
  9. Braxton Hicks Contractions
  10. Ankle edema
  11. Dyspnea
  12. Backache
  13. Frequent urination
  14. Heart palpitations
  15. Hemorrhoids
75
Q

is the constant itching and
redness of the palms but is not considered an allergy.

A

PALMAR ERYTHEMA

76
Q

Caused by slow peristalsis due to the pressure from the growing uterus.

A

CONSTIPATION

77
Q

Known as Heartburn

A

PYROSIS

78
Q

typically occurs when the woman
ate a large meal.

A

PYROSIS / HEARTBURN

79
Q

Pregnant women experience this
mostly in early pregnancy because of increased metabolic requirements.

A

FATIGUE

80
Q

caused by decreased serum
calcium levels, increased phosphorus levels, or
interference in the circulation.

A

MUSCLE CRAMPS

81
Q

prescribed to women who have frequent and unrelieved muscle cramps.

A

Magnesium citrate
Aluminum hydroxide gel.

82
Q

Occurs when the woman lies on her back and the uterus presses upon the vena cava, impairing blood return to heart

A

HYPOTENSION

82
Q

tortuous veins caused by the
pressure of the uterus to veins at the lower extremities.

A

VARICOSITIES

83
Q

varicosities of the rectal veins
that occur because of the pressure of the veins from the weight of the uterus.

A

HEMORROHOIDS

84
Q

occur when
upon sudden movement the woman
experiences bounding palpitation of
the heart.

A

HEART PALPITATIONS

85
Q

Caused by the pressure of the uterus on the bladder

A

FREQUENT URINATION

86
Q

Results from the pressure of the
expanding uterus on the diaphragm. Prominent esp when woman lies flat on bed at night

A

DYSPNEA

87
Q

swelling of the ankles and feet caused by general fluid retention and reduced blood circulation in the lower extremities.

A

ANKLE EDEMA

88
Q

From the 8th to the 12th week of pregnancy, the uterus periodically contracts and relaxes, and this is termed as _______

A

BRAXTON HICKS CONTRACTIONS

89
Q

What weeks of pregnancy does Braxton Hicks contraction occur?

A

8th to 12th

90
Q

One of the most important
aspects in pregnancy is

A

NUTRITIONAL STATUS

91
Q

Average weight gain during pregnancy

A

25-35 lbs

92
Q

The DRI or Dietary Reference Intake of calories of women of
childbearing age is ____

A

2200

92
Q

Total calories for pregnant women

A

2500 calories

93
Q

Additional calories for pregnant women

A

300 calories

94
Q

protein that does not contain all essential amino acids

A

INCOMPLETE PROTEIN

95
Q

Found in animal protein

A

VIT B12

96
Q

a fatty acid that cannot be manufactured by the body and must therefore be obtained from other sources.

A

LINOLEIC ACID

97
Q

essential for calcium
absorption

A

VIT D

98
Q

Lack of this vitamin will result to tender gums & poor night vision

A

VIT. A

99
Q

is needed for bone and teeth
formation and should be
consumed by the pregnant woman.

A

CALCIUM & PHOSPHORUS

100
Q

Aids in proper functioning of the thyroid gland

A

IODINE

101
Q

can also lower cholesterol levels and removes carcinogenic contaminants from the intestine.

A

FIBER

MCN-LEC (9 decks)

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