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Henry VIII > Wolsey > Flashcards

Wolsey Flashcards

1
Q

What was the court that Wolsey had that rivalled the King’s in size and grandeur ?

A

Hampton court palace

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2
Q

What occupation did Wolsey’s father hold ?

A

Butcher

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3
Q

When did Wolsey enter the church ?

A

1498

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4
Q

Within 10 years of entering the church from 1498, What two significant titles had Wolsey gained ?

A

1) Dean of Lincoln Cathedral

2) Henry’s Almoner in 1509

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5
Q

Within the church, which of Henry VII’s most trusted advisors did Wolsey gain the backing and support of ?

A

Richard Fox

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6
Q

What Foreign policy campaign of Henry VIII’s was Wolsey involved in that showed Wolsey to be adept at organising ?

A

the French expedition

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7
Q

What position did Wolsey take up on the French expedition in 1513 ?

A

quartermaster general

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8
Q

As quartermaster general for the French expedition of 1513, what was Wolsey responsible for ?w

A

Responsible for organising the logistics of the battle as well as the expeditionary force set for 1513 that Henry was personally going to command.

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9
Q

How can the French expedition of 1513 that Henry VIII and Wolsey were involved in be viewed as successes for both individuals.

A

Henry - enhanced his status

Wolsey - For his role as quartermaster general, Henry rewarded Wolsey with the Archbishop of York and by 1514 was involved in almost all of Henry’s dealings.

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10
Q

How did the French expedition of 1513 enhance Henry’s status ?

A

This is because he defeated the French force and took Tournai.

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11
Q

As Archbishop of York, was Wolsey the most important churchman in the church of England ? Explain.

A

No - the Archbishop of Canterbury was the most important in the church of England.

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12
Q

Who was the Archbishop of Canterbury who outrivaled Wolsey’s position as Archbishop of York ?

A

Archbishop Warham

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13
Q

Why was Archbishop Warham a nuisance for Wolsey ?

A

This is because, as Archbishop of Canterbury, he was the most important churchman in the Church in England and was reluctant to relinquish his post as Archbishop of Canterbury.

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14
Q

Due to the Archbishop Warham not giving up his post, how did Wolsey and Henry respond ?

A

Wolsey, with the support of Henry put pressure on Pope Leo X to promote him to a higher position than Warham.

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15
Q

Why was Henry unable to replace Archbishop Warham with Wolsey ?

A

This is because Pope Leo X was the head of the Catholic church from 1513 to 1521 and he was in control of the church positions in England.

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16
Q

What church position was Wolsey promoted to in 1515 that outranked all churchmen except the Pope ?

A

A cardinal

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17
Q

What high ranking position in the church was Wolsey promoted to in 1518 ?

A

Legatus a latere or papal legate

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18
Q

What was significant about Wolsey’s time as Papal legate ?

A

Usually, this position was only bestowed to someone for a designated purpose and limited period, however, Wolsey had the power extended and then confirmed for life in 1524.

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19
Q

What position within the state did Henry make Wolsey in 1515 making him directly responsible for the work of the King’s council and Chief law courts ?

A

Lord Chancellor

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20
Q

What were the 3 chief law courts that Wolsey was responsible for as Lord Chancellor (As well as the King’s council) ?

A

1) Court of star chamber

2) Court of chancery

3) court of requests

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21
Q

Give 2 examples of crimes that the court of star chamber dealt with.

A

1) corruption

2) enclosure

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22
Q

Give 2 examples of legal issues that the court of chancery dealt with.

A

1) wills

2) inheritance disputes

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23
Q

What was the role of the court of requests ?

A

Provided easy access for the poor to access royal justice.

24
Q

What was the court of requests often known as ?

A

the ‘poor man’s court’

25
Q

In 1516, what did Wolsey announce at a meeting of the court of star chamber that ultimately tightened the grip over the nobility ?

A

That those responsible for dispensing justice and governing the localities were not above the law.

26
Q

Give 2 examples of members of the nobility that Wolsey imprisoned or executed to emphasise his announcement in 1516 that those responsible for dispensing justice and governing the localities were not above the law.

A

1) Earl of Northumberland - imprisoned

2) Duke of Buckingham - executed

27
Q

Why was the earl of Northumberland imprisoned by Wolsey ?

A

Northumberland was summoned to court for contempt of the council’s jurisdiction and imprisoned.

Ultimately, this was to emphasise his (Wolsey’s) announcement in 1516 at the court of star chamber that those responsible for dispensing justice and governing the localities were not above the law.

28
Q

Why was the Duke of Buckingham executed as a result of Wolsey’s actions ?

A

1) Duke of Buckingham was warned over his conduct when he made clear his displeasure for Wolsey

2) Buckingham failed to heed the warning and was summoned to London in April 1521

3) Here, he was charged with treason, convicted and executed in May

Ultimately, this was to emphasise his (Wolsey’s) announcement in 1516 at the court of star chamber that those responsible for dispensing justice and governing the localities were not above the law.

29
Q

How can it be said that, by looking at Wolsey’s dealings with the Earl of Northumberland and the Duke of Buckingham, that Wolsey potentially used the law for his own political gain ?

A

Arguably, by imprisoning Northumberland and executing the Duke of Buckingham, Wolsey could use the law in his favour in order to weaken his opponents.

30
Q

Why are some historians critical of Wolsey in his failure to make sweeping reforms to the running of government ?

A

1) the humanist movement at the time had argued for significant and far reaching changes to be made in the role of government

2) Elton has argued that Wolsey exploited power for himself rather than making the much needed reforms in the church and the state.

31
Q

How are the criticisms of Wolsey in his failure to make sweeping reforms to the running of government limited ?

A

Contemporaries were not critical of Wolsey in this area.

32
Q

What financial reform did Wolsey introduce that changed the way in which subsidies or parliamentary grants were collected ?

A

Tudor subsidy

33
Q

What reform to parliamentary grants did the Tudor subsidy introduced by Wolsey make ?

A

Insead of using local commissioners to assess wealth, relied on a national committee headed by Wolsey himself.

34
Q

Give one positive of the Tudor subsidy.

A

A more accurate assessment of the nation’s wealth led to revenue being more realistic

35
Q

Give a limitation to the Tudor subsidy.

A

It still wasn’t enough to fund Henry’s expeditions

36
Q

What was the national survey in 1522 to assess the countries taxable wealth called ?

A

‘General proscription’

37
Q

What did the ‘general proscription’ national survey of 1522 lead to ?

A

two forced loans totalling £200,000 were levied. However, still not enough to fund war with France

38
Q

How much was the subsidy that Wolsey levied in 1523 ?

A

at the rate of 4 shillings in the pound on property bringing in a total of £800,000.

39
Q

When was implementation of the Amicable grant that Wolsey ordered ?

A

1525

40
Q

What was the Amicable grant ?

A

It was a heavy tax without Parliament’s approval

41
Q

How much money did the Amicable grant bring in ?

A

£300,000

42
Q

Why did the Amicable grant lead to widespread resistance and almost rebellion ?

A

It was meant to be a freely given gift from his subjects to the King however, it was a heavy tax without Parliament’s approval.

43
Q

When were the Eltham ordinances introduced by Wolsey ?

A

1526

44
Q

What were the Eltham ordinances ?

A

a set of instructions drawn up to reform the King’s court and privy chamber, and attempted to cut the cost of running the royal household.

45
Q

Why did Wolsey want to cut the cost of running the royal household within the Eltham ordinances ?

A

He hoped there would be less reliance on Parliament to raise funds.

46
Q

Give 2 specific examples of reforms to the King’s court and Privy chamber that Wolsey made within the Eltham ordinances.

A

1) Wolsey halved the number of gentleman in the Privy chamber

2) replaced Sir William Compton, Groom of the Stool, with Henry Norris

47
Q

What did it mean for Wolsey to be Lord Chancellor ?

A

Meant he was head of the judiciary

48
Q

When was the Court of Star chamber first established ?

A

1487

49
Q

Which council was the Court of Star chamber an offshoot of ?

A

of the King’s council

50
Q

What is Wolsey often credit with in terms of how he revolutionised the role of the court of star chamber ?

A

with its evolution of becoming the centre of government and justice.

51
Q

What reform was made to the Court of Star chamber in 1516 by Wolsey in order to alleviate the clogging up of justice ?

A

Its role was extended in 1516 to increase cheap and fair justice and for private lawsuits.

52
Q

As Lord Chancellor, what was Wolsey’s main aim ?

A

to make the chief law courts fair to all

53
Q

Why was Wolsey’s main aim to make the chief law courts fair for all as Lord Chancellor ?

A

Because, in local cases, the rich and powerful had tended to be favoured in law courts as judges were often family or friends of those they presided over.

54
Q

Give 2 contrasting arguments on whether Wolsey was effective at being Lord Chancellor and reforming the judiciary and court of star chamber so it was fair for all.

A

1) some believe he overturned legal decisions that adversely affected him and used the law to weaken opponents.

2) Others argue that his attempts to issue fair justice for all was very successful

55
Q

How can the argument that Wolsey was successful in his attempts to issue fair justice for all in the court of star chamber and judiciary be proved to be valid ?

A

Because, he was forced to create a series of overflow tribunals as so many cases were brought to the star chamber that it could not meet the demand.

56
Q

Where was Wolsey from ?

A

Ipswich

Henry VIII (4 decks)

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