Foreign relations Flashcards
Give 4 of HVIII’s foreign policy aims
1) establish his status himself amongst European powers through marriage
2) establish himself as a warrior King through success in Battle
3) ensure that neither Francis I or Charles V could act without considering the reaction and interests of England
4) cultivate close links with the Papacy
Who was Francis I ?
King of France until 1547
Who was Charles V ?
King of Spain as well as Holy Roman Emperor
When did Charles V become King of Spain ?
1516
When did Charles V become Holy Roman Emperor ?
1519
Give an early example in 1510 of how HVIII wanted to ease relations with France in his foreign policy.
The Anglo French Peace Treaty, the Treaty of Etaples, was renewed by his councillors
What alliance did Henry join in 1511 that was evidence of him wanting to establish close links with the Papacy ?
The Holy league
What was the Holy league, that was set up in 1511 ?
It was an Anti French alliance set up by Pope Julius II that involved a number of other European powers such as Spain and the Holy Roman Empire
When was Henry’s first campaign in France ?
1512-1513
Why did Henry VIII launch a war with France in 1512 ?
As part of the Holy league alliance that was Anti French, he was instructed to.
What happened in 1512 as part of HVIII’s campaign in France from 1512-1513 ?
Henry sent an army of 10,000 under the command of the Marquis of Dorset. However, there was no Spanish support, a high cost involved and demoralised troops.
What happened in 1513 as part of HVIII’s campaign in France from 1512-1513
This was where Henry won the Battle of Spurs capturing Tournai and Therouanne
What was a limitation of the capture of Tournai and Therouanne in 1513 when HVIII won the Battle of Spurs ?
Tournai was sold back to the French for less than England paid in reconstruction costs
What was the Anglo Scottish Battle in 1513 called ?
Battle of Flodden
What happened in the Battle of Flodden ?
This was a Scottish invasion of the Northern Border - The Earl of Surrey was given instructions to repel the invasion
How many English and Scottish troops were killed in the Battle of Flodden ?
English = 1,500
Scottish = 10,000
What King was killed in the Battle of Flodden (1513) ?
King James IV
Who replaced King James IV as King of Scotland after he was killed in 1513 ?
King James V (King James IV’s son and Margaret, his mother and sister of Henry VIII acting as regent)
What is a regent ?
a person appointed to administer a state because the monarch is a minor or is absent or incapacitated.
Why was the death of King James IV and the outcome of the Battle of Flodden in 1513 beneficial for Henry with Anglo Scottish relations ?
Scotland was no longer an active threat for England
Why, in 1514, did Henry choose to seek peace with European countries ?
This is because he had ran out of money by this time
Give an example of a marriage alliance tha Henry organised in 1514 as a result of having no money so having to seek peace with European countries.
In Oct 1514, Mary Tudor married Louis XII of France
How was the marriage of Mary Tudor to Lous XII of France in October 1514 a failure in 2 ways ?
1) The marriage only lasted 3 months until 1515 when Louis XII died
2) After the death of Louis XII, Mary Tudor chose to marry the Duke of Suffolk - This meant she was no longer useful for marriage alliances and diplomatic purposes
What peace treaty was signed between Francis I (Fance) and Charles V (Spain) in 1516 ?
Treaty of Noyon