Social impact of Religious upheaval

Question 1

Give 2 examples of action taken by Henry VIII/ Cromwell that were seen as an attack on traditional Catholic Practices.

Answer 1

1) dissolution of the monasteries

2) Cromwell’s set of royal injuctions of 1536

Question 2

Give 4 social consequences of the dissolution of the monasteries

Answer 2

1) Much of the monastic land acquired from the dissolution was sold off to the nobility.

2) led to a demise of monastic schools and their educational provision

3) most monks and all nuns were immediately out of a job

4) fear that the North would be impoverished by monastic land falling into the hands of Southerners

Question 3

Why were not all monks out of a job following the dissolution of the monasteries ?

Answer 3

some monks received employment as secular priests and others received pensions

Question 4

Give one example of a monastery that was very important for the area in which it was situated in.

Answer 4

Durham - was the centre of their diocese

Question 5

What impact did the Break with Rome have on the Bible ?

Answer 5

Led to the introduction of the Bible in English

Question 6

What rebellion was the first part of a wider uprising in 1536 against religious changes ?

Answer 6

Lincolnshire rebellion

Question 7

When did the Lincolnshire rebellion begin ?

Answer 7

Oct 1536

Question 8

When did the Lincolnshire rebellion end ? why ?

Answer 8

Oct 1536 - quickly shut down by royal forces led by the Duke of Suffolk

Question 9

What other rebellion did the Lincolnshire rebellion lead to ?

Answer 9

the Pilgrimage of Grace

Question 10

When did the Pilgrimage of Grace begin ?

Answer 10

Oct 1536

Question 11

Whereabouts did the Pilgrimage of Grace take place ?

Answer 11

mainly in Yorkshire and the North of England

Question 12

How many people were involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace ?

Answer 12

Over 30,000

Question 13

Who was The Pilgrimage of Grace led by ?

Answer 13

Robert Aske

Question 14

What social class was Robert Aske, the Leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace, a part of ?

Answer 14

Gentry

Question 15

Give two different types of motives for the Pilgrimage of Grace/ Lincolnshire rebellion.

Answer 15

1) Secular motives

2) Religious motives

Question 16

Give 2 religious motives for the lincolnshire rebellion and pilgrimage of Grace

Answer 16

1) dissolution of the monasteries

2) Fear for the Parish churches and traditional religious practices

Question 17

Give three ways that the set of Royal injunctions of 1536 contributed towards the religious motives for the Lincolnshire rebellion/ Pilgrimage of Grace

Answer 17

1) encouraged people to focus more on scripture and less on saints and pilgrimages

2) Every Parish had to have an English Bible

3) The government started inspecting churches and monasteries and taking valuable items from them such as plates and jewels to raise money for the Crown

Question 18

Give a specific example of how the Set of Royal injunctions of 1536 encouraged people to focus more on scripture and less on saints and pilgrimages

Answer 18

the celebration of St. Wilfrid in parts of Yorkshire had been discouraged

Question 19

How did the royal injunctions of 1536 that allowed the government to take valuable items from monasteries and churches to raise money for the Crown link to the Pilgrimage of Grace ?

Answer 19

There were rumours that royal commissioners were coming to confiscate church plate and jewels even from Parish churches.

Question 20

How can the importance of the monasteries be seen by the rebels in the Pilgrimage of Grace ? (2)

Answer 20

1) In the rebel’s attempts to restore some of the houses that had been suppressed

2) Robert Aske was a convinced supporter of the monasteries

Question 21

By 1547, how much of the monastic land that Henry gained in the dissolution of the monasteries had been sold off to the nobility ?

Answer 21

2/3

Question 22

Give three secular motives for the Lincolnshire rebellion and Pilgrimage of Grace

Answer 22

1) ordinary rebels were generally motivated by economic grievances

2) The Crown’s attempts to impose the Duke of Suffolk upon Lincolnshire as a great magnate may have sparked the Lincolnshire rebellion

3) some believe it was ‘planned and organised from above’ - councillors who had been supporters of Catherine of Aragon and whose main aim it was to restore Princess Mary as hier

Question 23

What were the Pontefract Articles ?

Answer 23

This was a comprehensive set of rebel demands as well as a range of grievances by the rebels.

Question 24

How many demands were made in the Pontefract articles in Dec 1536 by Pilgrimage of Grace rebels ?

Answer 24

24

Question 25

Give an example of a demand included within the Pontefract articles of Dec 1536 made by the Pilgrimage of Grace rebels. What kind of Grievance did it show ?

Answer 25

Desire for Parliament to meet at York - suggested strongly held regional resentment

Question 26

What significant event in the Pilgrimage of Grace caused great alarm to both the King and many of his ministers ?

Answer 26

When the rebels captured Pontefract Castle

Question 27

What action did Henry take against the rebels who were part of the Pilgrimage of Grace after they had captured Pontefract Castle on the 20th October 1536 ?

Answer 27

He sent an army North under the command of the Duke of Norfolk

Question 28

Why was the action taken by Henry in the first instance to suppress the Pilgrimage of Grace by sending an army North under the command of the Duke of Norfolk after the rebels had captured Pontefract Castle limited ? (2)

Answer 28

1) When Norfolk encountered the rebels near Doncaster he was hugely outnumbered 2) only way of defusing the rebellion was through the issue of a pardon and the promise that the dissolved monasteries would be restored and a free Parliament established

Question 29

Why was the action taken by Henry in the first instance to suppress the Pilgrimage of Grace by sending an army North under the command of the Duke of Norfolk after the rebels had captured Pontefract Castle somewhat successful ? (2)

Answer 29

1) the royal forces led by the Duke of Norfolk achieved their strategic objectives 2) most of the rebel forces dispersed

Question 30

When was the Pilgrimage of Grace renewed in the form of a new rebellion in the East Riding of Yorkshire ?

Answer 30

February 1537

Question 31

Who led the renewed rebellion in the East Riding of Yorkshire in February 1537 after the initial Pilgrimage of Grace, which was led by Robert Aske, was suppressed ?

Answer 31

Sir Francis Bigod

Question 32

Why was the renewed rebellion in Feb 1537 in the East Riding of Yorkshire that was Led by Sir Francis Bigod beneficial to Henry in terms of the promises the Duke of Norfolk made in Doncaster in 1536 ?

Answer 32

It gave Henry an excuse to go back on his promises (dissolved monasteries to be restored & a free Parliament established)

Question 33

Who quickly suppressed the renewed rebellion in the East Riding of Yorkshire that broke out in Feb 1537 and was led by Sir Francis BIgod after the Pilgrimage of Grace had ended in Dec 1536 ?

Answer 33

Duke of Norfolk

Question 34

How did the Duke of Norfolk quickly suppress the renewed rebellion in the East Riding of Yorkshire that broke out in Feb 1537 and was led by Sir Francis BIgod after the Pilgrimage of Grace had ended in Dec 1536 ?

Answer 34

1) declared martial law (The army takes control and can punish people quickly) 2) hanged 74 rebels

Question 35

Give 3 examples of the types of rebels/ people that were involved in the renewed rebellion in the East Riding of Yorkshire that broke out in Feb 1537 who were brought to London, tried and executed.

Answer 35

1) rebel leaders (E.g. Lord Darcy and Hussey) 2) several members of the gentry 3) heads of the monastic houses

Question 36

Why can HVIII's record in dealing with the Lincolnshire rebellion, Pilgrimage of Grace and the renewed rebellion in the East Riding of Yorkshire in Feb 1537 be said to be poor ?

Answer 36

Because he ignored warnings about the increase in resentment to Religious change that he did not wish to hear

Question 37

How did the Lincolnshire rebellion, Pilgrimage of Grace and the renewed rebellion in the East Riding of Yorkshire in Feb 1537 not influence Henry's thinking/ domestic policy ?

Answer 37

They did not slow the pace of religious change