establishment of royal supremacy (domestic issue) Flashcards
What major event would establish royal supremacy ?
a complete break from Rome
Who do most historians credit as being the driving force behind the decision to break with Rome ?
Cromwell
What did the royal supremacy assert in regards to Henry’s power over the church ?
that the King of England was head of the national church and owned no obedience to the ‘Bishop of Rome’
Which period of time did Elton identify as the period in which there was a revolutionary change in the way England was governed ?
1530s
What does Elton argue about the way in which the change to the way England was governed in the 1530s occured ?
that there was a shift from ‘medieval’ to ‘modern’ forms of government that successfully enhanced the power and authority of both the Crown and central government.
What 2 types of revolution does Elton argue were the reason for how there was a revolutionary change in the 1530s to the way England was governed ?
1) Administrative revolution
2) Jurisdictional revolution
What is meant by Elton’s categorisation of administrative revolution (in regards to how the way England was governed changed in the 1530s) ?
Greater efficiency - government was changed by the reorganisation of financial departments and the creation of the privy council.
What is meant by Elton’s characterisation of Jurisdictional revolution (in regards to how the way England was governed changed in the 1530s) ?
extra responsibility - Government extended its role and influence over the English church to bring church and state together.
Elton argues that the move towards a more professional and __________ government which could effectively function without the close supervision of the monarch through the revolution in government was achieved from 1532 - ________ under the direction of ______________.
modern, 1540, Cromwell
Give 6 measures that Henry VIII/ Cromwell took during the time from 1532 - 40 to achieve a revolutionary change in the way England was governed.
1) Act of succession
2) Act of supremacy
3) Treason act
4) Act annexing First Fruits and Tenths to the crown
5) Cromwell appointed the King’s vicegerent in spiritual matters
6) Act extinguishing the authority of the Bishop of Rome
What did the Act of succession do ?
Declared that henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon was void; the succession would go to the children of his marriage with Anne Boleyn; to deny the validity of the marriage was treasonable.
When was the act of succession ?
1534 April
Identify whether the Act of succession in April 1534 was an example of Jurisdictional or administrative revolution in the way England was governed and give a reason.
Jurisdictional revolution - This contributed towards Henry’s break from the Catholic Church, which previously prevented him from divorcing Catherine. Therefore, extending his influence over the English church.
What did the Act of Supremacy do ?
Made Henry supreme head of the church in England. This achieved the complete break from Rome giving the King powers to ‘reform, redress & errors, heresies and abuses’ in the Church
When was the Act of Supremacy ?
Nov 1534
Identify whether the Act of Supremacy in Nov 1534 was an example of Jurisdictional or administrative revolution in the way England was governed and give a reason.
Jurisdictional - secured the complete break from Rome; meant Henry had the final say on religious matters in England allowing him to control the church in England and its resources.
What did the Treason act do ?
Stated that Treason also included the spoken word as well as action or writing. Also meant that the King could no longer be accused of blasphemy.
When was the Treason act ?
Nov 1534
Give an example of a notable figure who was executed as a result of the introduction of the treason act in Nov 1534.
Sir Thomas More
Give one limitation of the Treason act in Nov 1534. (hint: it was a criticism of it by some)
some have argued that it was rarely used - despite execution of Sir Thomas More
Identify whether the Treason Act in April 1534 was an example of Jurisdictional or administrative revolution in the way England was governed and give a reason.
Jurisdictional - Henry could no longer be accused of Blasphemy - therefore nullified all claims by the papacy that the actions being taken by Crowell and Henry were morally wrong.
Ultimately led to the church and state fusing together
What did the Act Annexing First Fruits and Tenths to the Crown do ?
Annates that had been stopped from being paid to the Pope were now being paid to the King. This tightened the pressure on the clergy to ensure royal supremacy. Also created a court of First Fruits and Tenths. (siezed the church’s wealth in England)
When was the Act Annexing First Fruits and Tenths to the crown passed ?
Nov 1534
Identify whether the Act annexing First Fruits and Tenths to the crown in Nov 1534 was an example of Jurisdictional or administrative revolution in the way England was governed and give a reason.
Administrative - example of reorganisation of finance by transferring clerical revenues to the crown in order to ensure greater efficiency and secure royal supremacy. It created the court of First Fruit and Tenths and therefore an example the reorganisation of financial departments.
When was Cromwell appointed the King’s vicegerent in spiritual matters ?
Jan 1535
What authority did Cromwell have over the church due to being appointed the King’s vicegerent in spiritual matters in Jan 1535 ?
Cromwell was now effectively acting as the King’s deputy in church matters.
Identify whether the measure to appoint Cromwell as the King’s vicegerent in spiritual matters in Jan 1535 was an example of Jurisdictional or administrative revolution in the way England was governed and give a reason.
Administrative - Cromwell used the powers that had been handed to Henry on behalf of the King to secure royal supremacy. He did this by giving bishops very strict instructions on what they could do and scrutinise the work they did. Ultimately to centralise government as the most important institution in England and improving efficiency.
What did the Act extinguishing the authority of the Bishop of Rome do ?
This denied the Pope:
1) access to and collection of clerical taxes
2) power of appointment of church offices
3) authority to decide matter of religious doctrine
4) right to grant personal dispensations and personal exemptions
5) the use of his title in England
When was the act extinguishing the authority of the Bishop of Rome ?
1536
Identify whether the Act extinguishing the authority of the Bishop of Rome was an example of Jurisdictional or administrative revolution in the way England was governed and give a reason.
Jurisdictional - removed the Pope’s powers over the Church in England therefore a direct example of the government extending its influence over the English church.
Give an example of something that Cromwell and Henry were able to do in 1536 to gain a large amount of control in the Church in England due to the Act extinguishing the authority of the Bishop in Rome.
Cromwell’s dissolution of the monasteries - gave Henry vast amounts of monastic land. This is because it was considered completely legal because of the act.
