WK9 "Mad Libs"

Question 0

Each spinal cord segment gives off ______ and _____ roots. ________ root has a swelling, which is called _______. It holds _________ neurons from _________ and ________.

Answer 0

anterior/ventral and posterior/dorasal

posterior root has a swelling called posterior root ganglion which holds 1st order sensory neurons from somatic (soma) and visceral (viscera) organs (skin, muscles and internal organs)

Question 1

Spinal cord is divided arbitrarily into _____ segments, formed at each level: _____cervical, ____thoracic_____lumbar, ______sacral, _____ coccygial.

Answer 1

31 segments
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacra
1 coccygial

Question 2

The anterior/ventral roots and posterior/dorsal roots fuse to form ________ nerves.

Answer 2

spinal nerves

Question 3

The spinal nerves split in turn to form _________ and __________.

Answer 3

Anerior rami and posterior rami

Question 4

Spinal nerves are located within ___________. They carry ______ and _______information from/to ___________ and ____________.

Answer 4

intervertebral foremena

motor and sensory nerve information from/to posterior and anterior CNS and PNS or CNS and effector organs

Question 5

Spinal cord has _______ enlargements (“swellings”), located on the level of ___________ and ____________. They are the segments supplying ____________ and ____________ correspondingly.

Answer 5

2 enlargements
Cervical - C4-T1 - supplies nerves to/from upper trunk and extremities
Lumbar - T9-T12 - supplies nerves to/from lower trunk and extremities

Question 6

In an adult, spinal cord starts at the level of ________ and ends at the level of ____________.

Answer 6

foreamen magnum

intervertebral disk of L1 and L2

Question 7

Cauda equina consists of spinal/peripheral nerves below the level of ____________.

Answer 7

L2

Question 8

Gray matter of the spinal cord is represented by:

__________________________________________

Answer 8

horns:
posterior/somatic and autonomic sensory - 2nd order
anterior/ somatic motor
lateral/autonomic sensory and motor
The Gray Matter is in the shape of a butterfly

Question 9

White matter of the spinal cord is represented by:

__________________________________________

Answer 9

columns or Funiculi

Question 10

Dorsal (posterior) horns of the spinal cord represent:

_____________________________________________

Answer 10

second order somatic and visceral sensory neurons.

visceral sensory are autonomic

Question 11

Ventral (anterior) horns of the spinal cord represent:

_____________________________________________

Answer 11

bodies of somatic motor nerurons. (the axons exit the horns and become the ventral root)

Question 12

Lateral (intermedio-lateral) gray horns of the spinal cord represent:
_____________________________________________

Answer 12

cell bodies of visceral motor nerves (these are autonomic)

Question 13

White matter of the spinal cord is divided on _____________ by ____________and _____________.

Answer 13

halves
by
anterior median fissure and
posterior median sulcus

Question 14

White matter of the spinal cord is divided on ______ by _______ and ______________.

Answer 14

halves - anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus

Question 16

Dorsal roots of the spinal nerves contain axons of __________________? (somatic? visceral? effernt? afferent?)

Answer 16

afferent - somatic and visceral

Question 17

Ventral roots of the spinal nerves contain axons of __________________? (somatic? visceral? effernt? afferent?)

Answer 17

effernt - somatic and visceral

Question 18

Dorsal and ventral rami are ______________? (mixed? efferent only? afferent only?)

Answer 18

mixed - afferent and efferent

Question 19

Dorsal rami innervate _________ and __________.

Answer 19

erector spinae muscles (efferent) and overlying faschia and skin (joints (afferent) and overlying skin of trunk (afferent))

Question 20

Ventral rami represent __________ of peripheral nerves that are combined (interwoven) in ___________.

Answer 20

roots of peripheral nerves that are combined and interwoven into cervical, brachial and lumbosacral plexi

Question 21

One of the major tracts of the spinal cord, Posterior Columns carry information from ___________ to _____________ about (concerned with) ____________________________.

Answer 21

gracile fasciculus & cuneate Fasciculus
carry information from Spinal Chord to
Sensory Cortex area of the brain.
They are concerned with proprioception, stereognosis, discriminitive touch, vibraition (sensations coming from the skin) for conscious use (or conscious identification)

Question 22

One of the major tracts of the spinal cord, Cortico-Spinal Tracts (_____________ and _____________) carry information from : ___________ to: ______________ concerned with ____________.

Answer 22

Lateral and Anterior Cortico-Spinal Tracts carry information from the motor cortex (frontal lobe of cerebrum)- broadman’s 4 + 6 to
spinal chord.
Concerned with Voluntary movement of Skeletal muslces {somatic motor function (lateral - 90% of them, decussate) and pain, temperature, crude/light touch (anterior 10% of them, do not decussate)} this track known as Pyramindal, crosses over in decussation of pyramids in the Medulla Oblongata.

Question 23

One of the major tracts of the spinal cord, Spinocerebellar tracts (______________ and _____________) carry information from: ___________ to: _______________, concerned with:_____________.

Answer 23

Posterior Lateral and Anterior Lateral Spinocerebellar tracts carry information from the spinal chord to the cerebellum and are concerned with automatic proprioception for adjustment of posture and equilibrium {sensory information for subconscious adjustment of motor function}

Question 24

One of the major tracts of the spinal cord, Spino-thalamic tracts (__________ and ___________), carry information from:_________ to: ______________, concerned with: ___________________.

Answer 24

Lateral and Anterior Spino-thalamic tracts carry information from Spinal Chord to opposite Thalamus and are concerned with Pain, temperature, crude/light/non-discriminitive touch.

Spino-Thalamic tracts immediatly crosses to the opposite side of the column when entering the cord and before ascending to the thalamus. This is the only one that does this immediate cross.

Question 25

One of the major tracts of the spinal cord, Vestibulo-spinal tract carries information from: ____________ to:_______________, regarding: ______________________.

Answer 25

Vestibulo-spinal tract carries inforomation from Vestibular part of the ear (inner ear) to Spinal Cord regarding somatic motor function for equilibrium reflex.

Question 26

One of the major tracts of the spinal cord, Hypothalamo-spinal tract carries information from: ____________ to: ___________, regarding: ______________________.

Answer 26

Hypothalamo-spinal tract carries info from Hypothalamus to the Spine regarding the control of ANS.

Question 27

Autonomic nervous system represents the _______________ (efferent? afferent?) pathway _____________ (from? to?) the CNS.

Answer 27

motor control - efferent

from the CNS

Question 28

The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into ____________ and ____________ systems.

Answer 28

Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Question 29

It represents ______________ (one? two? three?) neuron pathway(s).

Answer 29

two

Question 30

Targets of the autonomic nervous system are __________, __________ and __________.

Answer 30

smooth - viseral organs, blood vessels and internal sphincters
glands
cardiac muscle

Question 31

Sympathetic system is mostly responsible for: _____________.

Answer 31

Fight and Flight
excercises, emergency, embarassment
anything that promotes a defensive reaction

Question 32

Parasympathetic system is mostly responsible for _____________.

Answer 32

rest and recover
return back to homeostasis
to feed, to breath, to relax

Question 33

In sympathetic system’s pathway, first neuron is located in ____________, second neuron is located in _________________. The first neuronal (pregaglionic) neurotransmitter is ________________, the seond (postgangliongic) neurotransmitter is _________________, with the exxception of ______________.

Answer 33

lateral honds (T1-L3)
two chains of sympathetic ganglion:
para-vertebral AKA Sympathetic Trunk (lateral to the spine) and 
pre-vertebral (in front of spine)
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 34

In parasympathetic system pathway, first neuron is located in ____________ and ____________; second neuron is located in ________________. The first (preganglionic) neurotransmitter is ____________; the second (postganglionic) neurotransmitter is _____________.

Answer 34

First Neuron:
lateral horns of S2, S3 and S4 and
Nuclei of CN III, VII, IX and X in the brain.
Second Neuron:
parasympathetic ganglia - which are located very close or inside of effector organs.

ACH and ACH

Question 35

Actions of ANS:
Heart rate and force of cardiac contraction-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce _____________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce ____________.

Answer 35

Increase

Decrease

Question 36

Actions of ANS:
Respiration-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce _____________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce ______________.

Answer 36

Increase

Decrease

Question 37

Actions of ANS:
Lung bronchiole diameter, mucus secretion-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce: ______________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce: _____________.

Answer 37

Bronchioles will Increase while Mucus Decreases

Broncioulse will Decrease while Mucus Increases

Question 38

Actions of ANS:
Salivation/lacrimation-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce: ______________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce: _____________.

Answer 38

Decrease

Increase

Question 39

Actions of ANS:
Intrinsic eye muscles-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce: ______________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce: _____________.

Answer 39

Dialation of pupil and adjustment for far vision

Constriction of pupil and adjustment for near vision

Question 40

Actions of ANS:
Blood supply and peristalsis of GI tract-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce: ______________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce: _____________.

Answer 40

Decreases

Increases

Question 41

Actions of ANS:
Urination/defecation-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce: ______________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce: _____________.

Answer 41

constriction of internal sphincters to inhibit

relaxation of internal sphincters to promote

Question 42

Actions of ANS:
Erection-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce: ______________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce: _____________.

Answer 42

No Effect

Erection

Question 43

Actions of ANS:
Ejaculation-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce: ______________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce: _____________.

Answer 43

Ejaculation

no effect