WK9 "Mad Libs" Flashcards
Each spinal cord segment gives off ______ and _____ roots. ________ root has a swelling, which is called _______. It holds _________ neurons from _________ and ________.
anterior/ventral and posterior/dorasal
posterior root has a swelling called posterior root ganglion which holds 1st order sensory neurons from somatic (soma) and visceral (viscera) organs (skin, muscles and internal organs)
Spinal cord is divided arbitrarily into _____ segments, formed at each level: _____cervical, ____thoracic_____lumbar, ______sacral, _____ coccygial.
31 segments 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacra 1 coccygial
The anterior/ventral roots and posterior/dorsal roots fuse to form ________ nerves.
spinal nerves
The spinal nerves split in turn to form _________ and __________.
Anerior rami and posterior rami
Spinal nerves are located within ___________. They carry ______ and _______information from/to ___________ and ____________.
intervertebral foremena
motor and sensory nerve information from/to posterior and anterior CNS and PNS or CNS and effector organs
Spinal cord has _______ enlargements (“swellings”), located on the level of ___________ and ____________. They are the segments supplying ____________ and ____________ correspondingly.
2 enlargements
Cervical - C4-T1 - supplies nerves to/from upper trunk and extremities
Lumbar - T9-T12 - supplies nerves to/from lower trunk and extremities
In an adult, spinal cord starts at the level of ________ and ends at the level of ____________.
foreamen magnum
intervertebral disk of L1 and L2
Cauda equina consists of spinal/peripheral nerves below the level of ____________.
L2
Gray matter of the spinal cord is represented by:
__________________________________________
horns:
posterior/somatic and autonomic sensory - 2nd order
anterior/ somatic motor
lateral/autonomic sensory and motor
The Gray Matter is in the shape of a butterfly
White matter of the spinal cord is represented by:
__________________________________________
columns or Funiculi
Dorsal (posterior) horns of the spinal cord represent:
_____________________________________________
second order somatic and visceral sensory neurons.
visceral sensory are autonomic
Ventral (anterior) horns of the spinal cord represent:
_____________________________________________
bodies of somatic motor nerurons. (the axons exit the horns and become the ventral root)
Lateral (intermedio-lateral) gray horns of the spinal cord represent:
_____________________________________________
cell bodies of visceral motor nerves (these are autonomic)
White matter of the spinal cord is divided on _____________ by ____________and _____________.
halves
by
anterior median fissure and
posterior median sulcus
White matter of the spinal cord is divided on ______ by _______ and ______________.
halves - anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus
Dorsal roots of the spinal nerves contain axons of __________________? (somatic? visceral? effernt? afferent?)
afferent - somatic and visceral
Ventral roots of the spinal nerves contain axons of __________________? (somatic? visceral? effernt? afferent?)
effernt - somatic and visceral
Dorsal and ventral rami are ______________? (mixed? efferent only? afferent only?)
mixed - afferent and efferent
Dorsal rami innervate _________ and __________.
erector spinae muscles (efferent) and overlying faschia and skin (joints (afferent) and overlying skin of trunk (afferent))
Ventral rami represent __________ of peripheral nerves that are combined (interwoven) in ___________.
roots of peripheral nerves that are combined and interwoven into cervical, brachial and lumbosacral plexi
One of the major tracts of the spinal cord, Posterior Columns carry information from ___________ to _____________ about (concerned with) ____________________________.
gracile fasciculus & cuneate Fasciculus
carry information from Spinal Chord to
Sensory Cortex area of the brain.
They are concerned with proprioception, stereognosis, discriminitive touch, vibraition (sensations coming from the skin) for conscious use (or conscious identification)
One of the major tracts of the spinal cord, Cortico-Spinal Tracts (_____________ and _____________) carry information from : ___________ to: ______________ concerned with ____________.
Lateral and Anterior Cortico-Spinal Tracts carry information from the motor cortex (frontal lobe of cerebrum)- broadman’s 4 + 6 to
spinal chord.
Concerned with Voluntary movement of Skeletal muslces {somatic motor function (lateral - 90% of them, decussate) and pain, temperature, crude/light touch (anterior 10% of them, do not decussate)} this track known as Pyramindal, crosses over in decussation of pyramids in the Medulla Oblongata.
One of the major tracts of the spinal cord, Spinocerebellar tracts (______________ and _____________) carry information from: ___________ to: _______________, concerned with:_____________.
Posterior Lateral and Anterior Lateral Spinocerebellar tracts carry information from the spinal chord to the cerebellum and are concerned with automatic proprioception for adjustment of posture and equilibrium {sensory information for subconscious adjustment of motor function}
One of the major tracts of the spinal cord, Spino-thalamic tracts (__________ and ___________), carry information from:_________ to: ______________, concerned with: ___________________.
Lateral and Anterior Spino-thalamic tracts carry information from Spinal Chord to opposite Thalamus and are concerned with Pain, temperature, crude/light/non-discriminitive touch.
Spino-Thalamic tracts immediatly crosses to the opposite side of the column when entering the cord and before ascending to the thalamus. This is the only one that does this immediate cross.
One of the major tracts of the spinal cord, Vestibulo-spinal tract carries information from: ____________ to:_______________, regarding: ______________________.
Vestibulo-spinal tract carries inforomation from Vestibular part of the ear (inner ear) to Spinal Cord regarding somatic motor function for equilibrium reflex.
One of the major tracts of the spinal cord, Hypothalamo-spinal tract carries information from: ____________ to: ___________, regarding: ______________________.
Hypothalamo-spinal tract carries info from Hypothalamus to the Spine regarding the control of ANS.
Autonomic nervous system represents the _______________ (efferent? afferent?) pathway _____________ (from? to?) the CNS.
motor control - efferent
from the CNS
The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into ____________ and ____________ systems.
Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
It represents ______________ (one? two? three?) neuron pathway(s).
two
Targets of the autonomic nervous system are __________, __________ and __________.
smooth - viseral organs, blood vessels and internal sphincters
glands
cardiac muscle
Sympathetic system is mostly responsible for: _____________.
Fight and Flight
excercises, emergency, embarassment
anything that promotes a defensive reaction
Parasympathetic system is mostly responsible for _____________.
rest and recover
return back to homeostasis
to feed, to breath, to relax
In sympathetic system’s pathway, first neuron is located in ____________, second neuron is located in _________________. The first neuronal (pregaglionic) neurotransmitter is ________________, the seond (postgangliongic) neurotransmitter is _________________, with the exxception of ______________.
lateral honds (T1-L3) two chains of sympathetic ganglion: para-vertebral AKA Sympathetic Trunk (lateral to the spine) and pre-vertebral (in front of spine) Acetylcholine Norepinephrine (adrenaline)
In parasympathetic system pathway, first neuron is located in ____________ and ____________; second neuron is located in ________________. The first (preganglionic) neurotransmitter is ____________; the second (postganglionic) neurotransmitter is _____________.
First Neuron:
lateral horns of S2, S3 and S4 and
Nuclei of CN III, VII, IX and X in the brain.
Second Neuron:
parasympathetic ganglia - which are located very close or inside of effector organs.
ACH and ACH
Actions of ANS:
Heart rate and force of cardiac contraction-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce _____________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce ____________.
Increase
Decrease
Actions of ANS:
Respiration-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce _____________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce ______________.
Increase
Decrease
Actions of ANS:
Lung bronchiole diameter, mucus secretion-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce: ______________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce: _____________.
Bronchioles will Increase while Mucus Decreases
Broncioulse will Decrease while Mucus Increases
Actions of ANS:
Salivation/lacrimation-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce: ______________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce: _____________.
Decrease
Increase
Actions of ANS:
Intrinsic eye muscles-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce: ______________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce: _____________.
Dialation of pupil and adjustment for far vision
Constriction of pupil and adjustment for near vision
Actions of ANS:
Blood supply and peristalsis of GI tract-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce: ______________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce: _____________.
Decreases
Increases
Actions of ANS:
Urination/defecation-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce: ______________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce: _____________.
constriction of internal sphincters to inhibit
relaxation of internal sphincters to promote
Actions of ANS:
Erection-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce: ______________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce: _____________.
No Effect
Erection
Actions of ANS:
Ejaculation-
Sympathetic stimulation will produce: ______________.
Parasympathetic stimulation will produce: _____________.
Ejaculation
no effect
