glossary of terms

Question 1

thin mucous lining the lids’ inner aspect and anterior aspect of the eyeball

Answer 1

conjunctiva

Question 2

inflammation of the conjunctiva

Answer 2

conjunctivitis

Question 3

“lazy eye,” which is eye misalignment due to weak or elongated eye muscles

Answer 3

amblyopia

Question 4

bending of the light rays, entering the cornea and the lens

Answer 4

refraction

Question 5

blindness

Answer 5

anopia

Question 6

swollen optic disc

Answer 6

papilledema

Question 7

focusing for near vision (controlled by CN III)

Answer 7

accommodation reflex

Question 8

the panorama of vision that the eye can see

Answer 8

visual field

Question 9

PERLA

Answer 9

acronym for “pupils are equal, responsive to light and accommodation.” Explains intact pupillary and accommodation reflex.

Question 10

opacity of the lens, contributing to visual impairment

Answer 10

cataract

Question 11

farsightedness due to eyeball being shorter than normal.

Answer 11

hyperopia

Question 12

aging-related stiffness of the lens

Answer 12

presbyopia

Question 13

nearsightedness due to the eyeball being longer than normal

Answer 13

myopia

Question 14

increased intra-ocular pressure

Answer 14

glaucoma

Question 15

repetitive jerky movements of the eyes, seen in disorders of the brainstem, inner ear, cerebellum

Answer 15

nystagmus

Question 16

bacterial infection of the eye lid hair follicle

Answer 16

sty

Question 17

inner ear compartment (cochlea plus semi-circular canals plus vestibule with utricle and sacculi)

Answer 17

labyrinth

Question 18

receptors for hearing within membranous labyrinth of the cochlea

Answer 18

organ of corti

Question 19

broad part of each semi-circular canal, where receptors for rotational equilibrium are located

Answer 19

ampula

Question 20

connects middle ear compartment (tympanic cavity) with the pharynx

Answer 20

eustachian tube

Question 21

inflammation of the inner ear

Answer 21

labyrinthitis

Question 22

extreme dizziness

Answer 22

vertigo

Question 23

uncoordinated movement

Answer 23

ataxia

Question 24

ear ringing

Answer 24

tinnitus

Question 25

inflammation of the middle ear compartment

Answer 25

otitis media

Question 26

inflammation of the external ear

Answer 26

swimmer’s ear

Question 27

complete absence of all sensations

Answer 27

anesthesia

Question 28

absence of pain sensation

Answer 28

analgesia

Question 29

abnormal sensation (“pins and needles” with or without pain)

Answer 29

paresthesia

Question 30

exaggerated sensation of pain upon light touch

Answer 30

hyperesthesia

Question 31

burning pain sensation

Answer 31

causalgia

Question 32

sensory receptors for painful stimuli

Answer 32

nociceptors

Question 33

a sensory receptor, found chiefly in muscles, tendons, joints, and the inner ear, that detects the motion or position of the body

Answer 33

proprioceptor