sympathetic vs parasympathetic

Question 1

what are the differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic target tissues

Answer 1

Sympathetic:
- organs of the head, neck, trunk, and external genitalia
- adrenal medulla
- sweat glands in the skin
- arrector muscles of hair
- all vascular smooth muscle
- (distributed to essentially all tissues [because of vascular smooth muscle])
Parasympathetic:
- organs of the head, neck, trunk, and external genitalia
- (never reaches the limbs or body wall [except for external genitalia])

Question 2

what are the differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic locations of preganglionic cell bodies

Answer 2

Sympathetic:
- Thoracoloumbar lateral horns of T1-L2/L3
Parasympathetic:
- Craniosacral (Brain: CN III, VII, IX, X / Lateral Horns of Spinal Cord: S2-S4)

Question 3

what are the differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic neuron length

Answer 3

Sympathetic:
- short preganglionic neuron
- long post ganglioninc neuron
Parasympathetic:
- long pregangionic neuron
- short postganglionic neuron

Question 4

what are the differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic neurotransmitters

Answer 4

Sympathetic:
- pre-ganglionic neurtotransmitter is Acetocholine; post-ganglionic neurotransmitter is Norepinephrine
Parasympathetic:
- pre-ganglionic neurtotransmitter is Acetocholine; post ganglionic neurotransmitter is also Acetocholine

Question 5

what are the functional differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Answer 5

Sympathetic:
- flight or flight
- catabolic (expend energy)
Parasympathetic:
- rest and digest
- homeostasis

Question 6

which receptor for NE neurotransmitter is responsible for the constriction of arterioles, contraction of the bladder and uterus, and secretion of saliva

Answer 6

Alpha 1 receptors

Question 7

which receptor for NE neurotransmitter is responsible for an increase in heart rate

Answer 7

Beta 1 receptors

Question 8

which receptor for NE neurotransmitter is responsible for the release of insulin and histamine (allergy mediator)

Answer 8

Alpha 2 receptors

Question 9

which receptor for NE neurotransmitter is responsible for the dilation of bronchioles

Answer 9

Beta 2 receptors

Question 10

sympathetic or parasympathetic: pupil dilation for far vision

Answer 10

sympathetic

Question 11

sympathetic or parasympathetic: erection

Answer 11

parasympathetic

Question 12

sympathetic or parasympathetic: dilation of bronchioles

Answer 12

sympathetic

Question 13

sympathetic or parasympathetic: little effect on blood vessel diameter

Answer 13

parasympathetic

Question 14

sympathetic or parasympathetic: decrease of peristalsis and secreations

Answer 14

sympathetic

Question 15

sympathetic or parasympathetic: inhibits breathing and heart rate

Answer 15

parasympathetic

Question 16

sympathetic or parasympathetic: salivation and respiratory secretions (production of less “fluidish” but rather sticky saliva and mucus)

Answer 16

sympathetic

Question 17

sympathetic or parasympathetic: activates peristalsis and secretions

Answer 17

parasympathetic

Question 18

sympathetic or parasympathetic: constricts bronchioles and increased mucus secretions (asthma would become worse)

Answer 18

parasympathetic

Question 19

sympathetic or parasympathetic: constriction of internal sphincters

Answer 19

sympathetic

Question 20

sympathetic or parasympathetic: activates urination and defecation

Answer 20

parasympathetic

Question 21

sympathetic or parasympathetic: constriction of blood vessels

Answer 21

sympathetic

Question 22

sympathetic or parasympathetic: secretes fluid and abundant secretions (salivation, lacrimation)

Answer 22

parasympathetic

Question 23

sympathetic or parasympathetic: increased heart and breathing rate

Answer 23

sympathetic

Question 24

sympathetic or parasympathetic: constricts pupil by contraction of the circular iris muscle, and accomodates for near vision

Answer 24

parasympathetic

Question 25

sympathetic or parasympathetic: ejactulation

Answer 25

sympathetic

Question 26

sympathetic or parasympathetic: contraction of erector pili muscles on the skin

Answer 26

sympathetic