Wk2 .1 Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What are the Neuroanatomical directions?
Towards front (brain)- Rostral (Anterior)
Towards Back -Caudal (Posterior)
Towards the top - Dorsal (Superior)
Towards the bottom - Ventral (Inferior
What are three Neuroanatomical terms and conventions
Horizontal- A slice across the horizon
Sagittal- A slice from front to back
Coronal- A slice cut like a loaf of bread
What are the functions of the sulci and fissions
1.Longitudinal fissure -splits the left and right hemispheres
2.Lateral/sylvian Fissure- Groove that determines where temporal lobe lies below
3.Transverse fissure-Groove that divides cerebellum and rest of brain
4.Central Sulcus-Divides motor and sensory areas of cortex
5.Corpus Callosum- White matter tracts that connect the left and right hemisphere
What are the functions of the cerebral cortex
*Frontal cortex -higher cognitive function, decision making, higher order processing, motor function
- Parietal lobe-somatosensory cortex, spatial processing, proprioception
- Temporal lobe- auditory processing, learning and memory
- Occipital lobe- visual processing
How many layers does the brain have
6
What does the Broca’s and Wernicke’s area do?
B- Important for producing intelligible and coherent speech
W-Important for recognizing,understanding and interpretingintelligible speech
What is the function of the thalamus and hypothalamus
Thalamus –gateway or relay station for sensory and motor pathways leading to and from the cortex
Hypothalamus –hormone production, thirst, appetite, temperature control + many more functions
What are the nuclei hypothalamus are composed off?
-Suprachiasmatic nucleus
-Lateral nucleus
-Preoptic nucleus
-Paraventricular nucleus
What are the three sections of the brain stem and what is the brain stem function ?
1.Midbrain,pons, medulla oblongata
2.Eating,drinking, body temperature,sleep and waking, basicmovement and learning
What is the midbrain function?
*Visual and auditory processing
* Contains the substantia Nigra –Important for movement and motor control – implicated in Parkinson’s Disease
What is medulla’s structure and function
sleep and wakefulness
Some cranial nerve nuclei
Where is serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline produced.
Serotonin-Raphe Nuclei
Dopamine- Ventral tegmental area
Noradrenaline - Locus Coeruleus
What is amygdala function
- modulation of fear, anger and aggression
- involved in sexual behaviour
- Damage affects recognition off ear in facial expressions
How many cranial nerves are there
12
What is the Cerebellum?
It is the little brain
used for voluntary movements
