Wk 8.2 Gut & Appetite Flashcards
What does the stomach do?
- Expands to receive a meal
- Holds it for about 4 hours
- Mixes food with gastricjuice (acid and pepsin)
- Food is churned to a pulp (chyme) and protein digestion begins
- Chyme enters the intestines in stages
What does Gastric Emptying from the Stomach depend on ?
- Contraction of antral smooth muscle
- Opening of the pyloric sphincter
- Relaxation of the duodenal smooth muscle
Different in solids and liquids
What is Gastric Emptying from the Stomach regulated by?
Regulated by vagus nerve and hormones(Ghrelin & GLP-1
What is GER ?
The gastric emptying rate is a measure of the speed of delivery of gastric contents into the duodenum.
What is gastric emptying?
- Gastric emptying is the process by which the stomach empties its contents into the small intestine
- Nutrients are absorbed within the small intestine (Mostly)
What are the 4 factors effected by Gastric Emptying?
- The energy density of the ingested solution
- The osmolality and energy content
- If the nutrient is a solid or liquid
- Volume
What is the difference between full and empty stomach?
Full stomach= Decreased levels in Ghrelin & appetite and the CCK,GLP-1,PYY are increased
Empty stomach= Increased levels in Ghrelin & appetite and the CCK,GLP-1,PYY are decreased
What is PYY?
peptide released from the ileum and colon
It reguates the Body weight bu reducing food intake (Reducing Appetite)
What is CCK?
Cholecystokinin Hormone which stimulates the pancreas for secretion, gall bladder contraction and regulation of gastric emptying
What is GLP-1?
Glycoagen like peptide 1 is a hormone also found in diabetes. It stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits the glycoagen secreation.
It also delays gastric emptying
What are methods to measure GER?
-MRI
-Ultrasonography
- Gastric aspiration technique
-Breath test method- 12c Isotope
-Scintigraphy- radioisotope
How is the Gastric aspiration technique preformed and what does it show?
-Insertion of tube into stomach and non-absorbable phenol red dye
- Determines the gastric secretion rate and volume to calculate the total gastric content