Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classification of neurons?

A

Unipolar Neuron- Single elongates process with cell body located off to the side

Bipolar Neuron- Two processes separated by the cell body

Multipolar neuron- More than two processes , a single axon. and multiple dendrites

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2
Q

Give an example of Demyelinating neuropathies, symptoms and cause?

A

Multiple Sclerosis
Weakness and paralysis
Reduced conduction velocity

There are negative and positive symptoms

It can be caused by genetic diseases, metabolic disorders, intoxication, nutritional disorders, carcinomas and immunological disorders

( Effected one has the fibre exposed and Myelin sheath is breaking off /damaged)

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3
Q

1.What is Tetrodotoxin?
2. Where is it found?
3.What does it do?

A
  1. Tetrodotoxin is a potent posion (Neurotoxin)
  2. Found in Puffer fish which are normally located in Japan
  3. It inhibits Sodium channels causing death in seconds
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4
Q

What is a synapse and what are the 2 types?

A

Synapse is the gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic (Connection happens)
2 Types- Chemical and Electrical (less common one)

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5
Q

Where are microglia from?
Where do they do
What is their structure?

A

1.Derived from bone marrow
2.Change morphology in response to injury
3.Double-edged sword

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6
Q

What are Ependymal cells
Where are they located
What their functions?

A
  1. Single layer of ciliated cuboidal cells

2.Line the ventricles of the brain

3.Produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

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7
Q

What are the main neurotransmitters and where do they come from

A

-Dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline –EAA TYROSINE

-Serotonin – EAA Tryptophan

-Glutamate and GABA-Glutamine

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8
Q

What are neurotransmitters and what can they bind to?

A
  1. Neurotransmitters are chemical produced and released by neurone they can be excitatory or inhibitory

They can bind to muscles, tissues, cells and glands

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9
Q

What does ACH do in PNS and CNS?

A

PNS- Skeletal muscle contraction via musranic receptor

CNS- memory cognition

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10
Q

What are the excitatory and inhibitory in Aderadeline and dopamine

A

Aderadeline - Alpha1 and Beta 1 = excitatory Alpha 2 and Beta 2 = inhibitory

Dopamine- DA1= Excitatory DA2= Inhibitory

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11
Q

What are the excitatory and inhibitory in serotonin (5-HT) and GABA

A

Serotonin- 5HT1+5= Inhibitory 5TH2,3,4,6,7= Excitatory CNS=sleep PNS= GIT

GABA- GABA A and GABAB inhibits neutrons from firing off

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12
Q

What are the receptors for Glutamate

A

NMDA and AMPA used for neurons firing off

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13
Q

How is transmission terminated

A

*Reuptake- Dopamine and serotonin
* Enzymatic degradation- Ach
* Diffusion- Glutamate

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14
Q

What are the steps of Synaptic transmission

A

1.
Synthesis of the neurotransmitter in the presynaptic nerve terminal.

2.
Storage of the neurotransmitter in secretory vesicles.

3.
Regulated release of neurotransmitter in the synaptic space between the pre- and post-synaptic neurons.

4.
The presence of specific receptors for the neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane, such that application of the neurotransmitter to the synapse mimics the effects of nerve stimulation.

5.
A means for termination of the action of the released neurotransmitter.

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15
Q

What happens in repolarisation?

A

1.Repolarisation is positive charge going back to negative or even more negative which is hyper-polarisation

  1. 30mv activates the K+ channels allowing it leave the cell so it has higher concentration outside and the voltage goes from 30mv to -90mv
  2. 30mv activate the second K+ channels then it voltage goes to -90mv which inhibits the ca+ channel so no ca+ will fuse/ be released to the post synaptic cleft
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16
Q

What is the meaning of the absolute refectory period

A

period between the peak to the RMP