Wk 8 Cardiovascular Flashcards
Afterload
the physical resistance presented by the
artery the ventricle is ejecting blood into
Aorta
Major artery of the systemic circulation that receives blood
from the left ventricle.
Arteriole
a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries.
Artery
the blood vessels that bring oxygen-rich blood from your heart to all of your body’s cells
Atrioventricular node
located in the atrioventricular septum that separates the left and right sides of
the heart.
Atrium
each of the two upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the veins of the body; the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein.
Auricle
Ear-shaped appendage of either atrium of the heart.
Bicuspid valve
an aortic valve that contains only two cusps (or flaps) instead of three.
Blood pressure
the pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis since it is closely related to the force and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls.
Bundle of His
a group of fibers that carry electrical impulses through the center of the heart.
Capillary
any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
Cardiac Cycle
the complete sequence of events in the heart from the beginning of one beat to the beginning of the following beat
Cardiac output
The amount of blood that leaves the heart.
Carotid artery
A major artery that carries blood from the heart to the head.
Cephalic vein
any of various superficial veins of the arm.
Chordae tendineae
strong, fibrous connections between the valve leaflets and the papillary muscles.
Coccygeal vein
in the midline on the ventral aspect of the tail.
Coronary artery
supply blood to the heart muscle
Coronary vein
in the atrioventricular groove on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart
Coronary vein
in the atrioventricular groove on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart
Diastole
The part of the cardiac cycle associated with relaxation
of the atria and ventricles and the filling of the chambers with
blood.
Ductus arteriosus
Persistent fetal connection between the
aorta and the pulmonary artery that can result in congestive
heart failure if not corrected.
Endocardium
The innermost layer of the heart
Epicardium
Outermost layer of the heart
Femoral vein
a large blood vessel in your thigh.
Foramen ovale
a hole between the left and right atria (upper chambers) of the heart.
Interventricular groove
one of two grooves that separates the ventricles of the heart, near the left margin
Jugular vein
major blood vessels that stretch from your head to your upper chest.
Mean arterial
pressure
(MAP) is the average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole
Mediastinum
area of the thorax between the lungs. It contains the heart and most of the other thoracic structures, such
as the trachea, esophagus, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic
structures.
Murmur
a blowing, whooshing, or rasping sound heard during a heartbeat.
Myocardium
The middle layer of the heart and the main muscle
layer responsible for contraction during systole.
Oscillometric
the blood pressure (BP) measurement principle of most automatic cuff devices.
P wave
represents the electrical depolarization of the atria of the heart
Papillary muscle
Muscular, nipplelike projections in the heart
that anchor the chordae tendineae. When contracted, papillary
muscles act to open the atrioventricular heart valves.
Pericardial fluid
he transudate fluid secreted into the pericardial sac around the heart. It helps to lubricate the surface of the
heart as it beats.
Pericardial sac
The transudate fluid secreted into the pericardial sac around the heart. It helps to lubricate the surface of the
heart as it beats
Pericardium
Tissue that forms a sac around the heart to protect
it and to control the movement of the heart within the thorax.
Preload
the force that stretches the cardiac muscle prior to contraction.
Pulmonary artery
transport deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
Pulmonary circulation
The part of the circulatory system that
delivers unoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood
to the left side of the heart.
Pulse
the regular expansion of an artery caused by the ejection of blood into the arterial system by the contractions of the heart.
Purkinje fibers
play a major role in electrical conduction and propagation of impulse to the ventricular muscle.
QRS complex
A combination of the Q wave, R wave and S wave, the “QRS complex” represents ventricular depolarization. This term can be confusing, as not all ECG leads contain all three of these waves; yet a “QRS complex” is said to be present regardless.
Saphenous vein
blood vessels in your legs that help send blood from your legs and feet back up to your heart.
Semilunar valve
the heart valve at the base of the aorta and the pulmonary artery,
Sinoatrial node
a small body of specialized muscle fibers, located in the right atrium of the heart, whose activity is responsible for initiating the heartbeat.
Stroke volume
The amount of blood ejected with each cardiac
contraction
Systemic circulation
part of the circulatory system that provides blood flow to and away from all of the body tissues except
the lungs.
Systole
The part of the cardiac cycle associated with contraction
of the ventricles and atria and ejection of blood into the arterial
systems.
T wave
repolarization of the ventricular myocardium
Tricuspid valve
Also called the right atrioventricular valve; separates the right atrium and ventricle.
Vein
any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart.
Vena cava
A large vein that carries blood to the heart from other areas of the body.
Ventricle
each of the two main chambers of the heart, left and right
Venule
a very small vein, especially one collecting blood from the capillaries.
